Ancient hepatitis B viruses from the Bronze Age to the Medieval period

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of human hepatitis. There is considerable uncertainty about the timescale of its evolution and its association with humans. Here we present 12 full or partial ancient HBV genomes that are between approximately 0.8 and 4.5 thousand years old. The ancient seque...

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Vydáno v:Nature (London) Ročník 557; číslo 7705; s. 418 - 423
Hlavní autoři: Mühlemann, Barbara, Jones, Terry C., Damgaard, Peter de Barros, Allentoft, Morten E., Shevnina, Irina, Logvin, Andrey, Usmanova, Emma, Panyushkina, Irina P., Boldgiv, Bazartseren, Bazartseren, Tsevel, Tashbaeva, Kadicha, Merz, Victor, Lau, Nina, Smrčka, Václav, Voyakin, Dmitry, Kitov, Egor, Epimakhov, Andrey, Pokutta, Dalia, Vicze, Magdolna, Price, T. Douglas, Moiseyev, Vyacheslav, Hansen, Anders J., Orlando, Ludovic, Rasmussen, Simon, Sikora, Martin, Vinner, Lasse, Osterhaus, Albert D. M. E., Smith, Derek J., Glebe, Dieter, Fouchier, Ron A. M., Drosten, Christian, Sjögren, Karl-Göran, Kristiansen, Kristian, Willerslev, Eske
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.05.2018
Nature Publishing Group
Témata:
631/250/254
631/250/255/234/2513/1549
706/689/19/2472
Africa
alignment
Analysis
Animals
Archaeological Science
Asia
Bioinformatics
Biological evolution
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
Europe
Evolution
Evolution, Molecular
Genetic aspects
Genetics and Genomics
Genetik och genomik
Genomes
Genomics
Genotype
Genotypes
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B - virology
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B virus - classification
Hepatitis B virus - genetics
Hepatitis B virus - isolation & purification
Historia
Historical metallurgy
History
History, Ancient
History, Medieval
Hominidae - virology
Human genome
Human migration
Human Migration - history
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
India
Iron
laborativ arkeologi
Letter
Medieval period
Migration
Monkeys & apes
mosaic structure
multidisciplinary
origin
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
recombinant sequences
Recombination
Recombination, Genetic
reveals
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Software
Viruses
United States > US
Africa
ISSN:0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
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Shrnutí:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major cause of human hepatitis. There is considerable uncertainty about the timescale of its evolution and its association with humans. Here we present 12 full or partial ancient HBV genomes that are between approximately 0.8 and 4.5 thousand years old. The ancient sequences group either within or in a sister relationship with extant human or other ape HBV clades. Generally, the genome properties follow those of modern HBV. The root of the HBV tree is projected to between 8.6 and 20.9 thousand years ago, and we estimate a substitution rate of 8.04 × 10 −6 –1.51 × 10 −5 nucleotide substitutions per site per year. In several cases, the geographical locations of the ancient genotypes do not match present-day distributions. Genotypes that today are typical of Africa and Asia, and a subgenotype from India, are shown to have an early Eurasian presence. The geographical and temporal patterns that we observe in ancient and modern HBV genotypes are compatible with well-documented human migrations during the Bronze and Iron Ages 1 , 2 . We provide evidence for the creation of HBV genotype A via recombination, and for a long-term association of modern HBV genotypes with humans, including the discovery of a human genotype that is now extinct. These data expose a complexity of HBV evolution that is not evident when considering modern sequences alone. Phylogenies reconstructed using 12 hepatitis B virus genomes, which were recovered from ancient human genome data, reveal a complex history of hepatitis B evolution that is not evident when using only modern samples.
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:0028-0836
1476-4687
1476-4687
DOI:10.1038/s41586-018-0097-z