Exploring the Drivers of Global and Local Sea‐Level Change Over the 21st Century and Beyond

We present a new set of global and local sea‐level projections at example tide gauge locations under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios. Compared to the CMIP5‐based sea‐level projections presented in IPCC AR5, we introduce a number of methodological innovations, including (i) more co...

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Vydáno v:Earth's future Ročník 8; číslo 9
Hlavní autoři: Palmer, M. D., Gregory, J. M., Bagge, M., Calvert, D., Hagedoorn, J. M., Howard, T., Klemann, V., Lowe, J. A., Roberts, C. D., Slangen, A. B. A., Spada, G.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Bognor Regis John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.09.2020
Wiley
Témata:
21st century
Antarctic ice
Breakdown
Climate change
Climate models
CMIP5 models
Dynamic response
Emissions
Environmental aspects
Estimates
Forecasts and trends
Gauges
Geographical locations
Ice sheets
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Market trend/market analysis
open climate campaign
Palmer, Howard
RCP scenarios
Sea level
Sea level rise
sea‐level projections
tide gauge observations
Tides
Time dependence
Uncertainty
Variability
United Kingdom
United Kingdom > UK
ISSN:2328-4277, 2328-4277
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Shrnutí:We present a new set of global and local sea‐level projections at example tide gauge locations under the RCP2.6, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 emissions scenarios. Compared to the CMIP5‐based sea‐level projections presented in IPCC AR5, we introduce a number of methodological innovations, including (i) more comprehensive treatment of uncertainties, (ii) direct traceability between global and local projections, and (iii) exploratory extended projections to 2300 based on emulation of individual CMIP5 models. Combining the projections with observed tide gauge records, we explore the contribution to total variance that arises from sea‐level variability, different emissions scenarios, and model uncertainty. For the period out to 2300 we further breakdown the model uncertainty by sea‐level component and consider the dependence on geographic location, time horizon, and emissions scenario. Our analysis highlights the importance of local variability for sea‐level change in the coming decades and the potential value of annual‐to‐decadal predictions of local sea‐level change. Projections to 2300 show a substantial degree of committed sea‐level rise under all emissions scenarios considered and highlight the reduced future risk associated with RCP2.6 and RCP4.5 compared to RCP8.5. Tide gauge locations can show large ( > 50%) departures from the global average, in some cases even reversing the sign of the change. While uncertainty in projections of the future Antarctic ice dynamic response tends to dominate post‐2100, we see substantial differences in the breakdown of model variance as a function of location, time scale, and emissions scenario. Key Points We have developed a new set of global and local sea‐level projections for the 21st century and extended to 2300 that are rooted in CMIP5 climate model simulations, including more comprehensive treatment of uncertainty than previously reported in IPCC AR5 Analysis of local sea‐level projections and tide gauge data suggests that local variability will dominate the total variance in sea‐level change for the coming decades at all locations considered The extended sea‐level projections highlight the substantial multicentury sea‐level rise commitment under all RCP scenarios and the dependence of modeling uncertainty on geographic location, time horizon, and climate scenario
Bibliografie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ISSN:2328-4277
2328-4277
DOI:10.1029/2019EF001413