Emissions of unintentional persistent organic pollutants from open burning of municipal solid waste from developing countries

► Sound methodology for measuring unintentional POPs was developed. ► Emission factors were derived to support UNEP Dioxin Toolkit. ► Waste composition did not affect emission factors. Open burning of waste is the most significant source of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCD...

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Veröffentlicht in:Chemosphere (Oxford) Jg. 84; H. 7; S. 994 - 1001
Hauptverfasser: Zhang, Tingting, Fiedler, Heidelore, Yu, Gang, Ochoa, Gustavo Solorzano, Carroll, William F., Gullett, Brian K., Marklund, Stellan, Touati, Abderrahmane
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Kidlington Elsevier Ltd 01.08.2011
Elsevier
Schlagworte:
Air Pollutants
Air Pollutants - analysis
Air Pollution
Air Pollution - statistics & numerical data
analogs & derivatives
analysis
Applied sciences
ash
ash composition
Benzofurans
Benzofurans - analysis
burning
Chemistry
China
Cities
Combustion
Composition effects
degradation
Developed Countries
Developing countries
Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated
dl-PCB
Emission
Emission factor
emissions
Enviromental Science
Environmental Monitoring
Exact sciences and technology
HCB
hexachlorobenzene
Hexachlorobenzene - analysis
Incineration
Incineration - statistics & numerical data
inventories
Kemi
Mexico
Miljövetenskap
municipal solid waste
Open burning
Organic Chemicals
Organic Chemicals - analysis
PCDD/F
PCDD/PCDF
PeCBz
Pollutants
Pollution
polychlorinated biphenyls
Polychlorinated Biphenyls - analysis
polychlorinated dibenzodioxins
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - analogs & derivatives
Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins - analysis
polychlorinated dibenzofurans
Rural
Solid wastes
statistics & numerical data
thermal treatment
Wastes
Central America
Mexico
Asia
China
America
China, People's Rep
PeCBz
Emission factor
dl-PCB
HCB
Open burning
PCDD/PCDF
Dioxin derivatives
Environmental policy
Toxicity
Pentachlorobenzene
Urban waste
Emission content
Developing countries
Organic halogen compounds
Controlled burning
Persistent organic pollutant
Health and environment
Chlorocarbon
Aromatic compound
Hexachlorobenzene
Public health
Organic compounds
Polychlorobiphenyls
Organic chlorine compounds
Halogenated hydrocarbon
Solid waste
Toxic equivalency factor
Air pollution
Regulation
ISSN:0045-6535, 1879-1298, 1879-1298
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Zusammenfassung:► Sound methodology for measuring unintentional POPs was developed. ► Emission factors were derived to support UNEP Dioxin Toolkit. ► Waste composition did not affect emission factors. Open burning of waste is the most significant source of polychlorinated dibenzo-para-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/PCDF) in many national inventories prepared pursuant to the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants. This is particularly true for developing countries. Emission factors for POPs such as PCDD/PCDF, dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCB) and penta- and hexachlorobenzenes (PeCBz/HCB) from open burning of municipal solid waste in China and Mexico are reported herein. Six different waste sources were studied varying from urban-industrial to semi-urban to rural. For PCDD/PCDF, the emission factors to air ranged from 3.0 to 650ngTEQkg−1waste and for dl-PCB from 0.092 to 54ngTEQkg−1waste. Emission factors for PeCBz (17–1200ngkg−1waste) and HCB (24–1300ngkg−1waste) spanned a wide but similar range. Within the datasets there is no indication of significant waste composition effect on emission factor with the exception of significantly higher Mexico rural samples.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
ISSN:0045-6535
1879-1298
1879-1298
DOI:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2011.04.070