Safety assessment of enterocin-producing Enterococcus strains isolated from sheep and goat colostrum

Background This study investigates the safety evaluation of enterocin-producing 11 E. mundtii and two E. faecium strains previously isolated from small livestock colostrums. Enterococcus species do not possess Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. Hence, it is critical to scrutinize enterococc...

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Published in:BMC microbiology Vol. 24; no. 1; pp. 391 - 17
Main Authors: Geniş, Burak, Öztürk, Hüseyin, Özden Tuncer, Banu, Tuncer, Yasin
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 07.10.2024
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Subjects:
Animals
Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology
Antibiotic resistance
Antibiotics
Bacteria
Biogenic amines
Biological Microscopy
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Bridged-Ring Compounds - metabolism
Colostrum
Colostrum - microbiology
Decarboxylation
Drug resistance
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - genetics
Enterocin
Enterococcus
Enterococcus - classification
Enterococcus - drug effects
Enterococcus - genetics
Enterococcus - isolation & purification
Enterococcus - metabolism
Enterococcus - pathogenicity
Enterococcus faecium - drug effects
Enterococcus faecium - genetics
Enterococcus faecium - isolation & purification
Enterococcus faecium - metabolism
Enterococcus faecium - pathogenicity
Food
Food production
Gelatinase
Genes
Genetic testing
Goats
Health aspects
Histidine
Life Sciences
Livestock
Lysine
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Microbiology
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Multidrug resistance
Mycology
Ornithine
Parasitology
Pheromones
Probiotics
Proteins
Safety
Sheep
Tyrosine
Virology
Virulence
Virulence - genetics
Virulence factors
Virulence Factors - genetics
Turkey
United States > US
Taiwan
Enterocin
Colostrum
Virulence factors
Biogenic amines
Antibiotic resistance
Enterococcus
ISSN:1471-2180, 1471-2180
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Summary:Background This study investigates the safety evaluation of enterocin-producing 11 E. mundtii and two E. faecium strains previously isolated from small livestock colostrums. Enterococcus species do not possess Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) status. Hence, it is critical to scrutinize enterococci’s antibiotic resistance, virulence characteristics, and biogenic amine production capabilities in order to assess their safety before using them as starter or adjunct cultures. Results Enterococcus strains showed susceptibility to medically significant antibiotics. Multiple-drug resistance (MDR) was found in only E. faecium HC121.4, and its multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was detected to be 0.22. The tetL and aph(3')-IIIa were the most commonly found antibiotic resistance genes in the strains. However, E. mundtii strains HC56.3, HC73.1, HC147.1, and E. faecium strain HC121.4 were detected to lack any of the antibiotic resistance genes examined in this study. Only E. mundtii HC166.3 showed hemolytic activity, while none of the strains engage in gelatinase activity. The strains were identified to have virulence factor genes with a low rate. None of the virulence factor genes could be detected in E. mundtii HC26.1, HC56.3, HC73.1, HC165.3, HC166.8, and E. faecium HC121.4. The E. mundtii HC73.2 strain displayed the highest presence of virulence factor genes, namely gelE , efaA fs , cpd , and ccf . Similarly, the E. mundtii HC112.1 strain showed a significant presence of genes efaA fm , ccf , and acm . There was no decarboxylation of histidine, ornithine, or lysine seen in any of the strains. Nevertheless, E. faecium HC121.4 and HC161.1 strains could decarboxylate tyrosine, but E. mundtii HC26.1, HC56.3, HC73.1, HC73.2, HC112.1, HC147.1, HC155.2, HC165.3, HC166.3, HC166.5, and HC166.8 strains only showed a limited capacity for tyrosine decarboxylation. None of the strains possessed the hdc , odc , or ldc genes, but all of them had the tdc gene. Conclusion The E. mundtii HC56.3 and HC73.1 strains were deemed appropriate for utilization in food production. Using the remaining 11 strains as live cultures in food production activities could pose a possible risk to consumer health.
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ISSN:1471-2180
1471-2180
DOI:10.1186/s12866-024-03551-7