Direct cell reprogramming: approaches, mechanisms and progress
The reprogramming of somatic cells with defined factors, which converts cells from one lineage into cells of another, has greatly reshaped our traditional views on cell identity and cell fate determination. Direct reprogramming (also known as transdifferentiation) refers to cell fate conversion with...
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| Published in: | Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology Vol. 22; no. 6; pp. 410 - 424 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.06.2021
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1471-0072, 1471-0080, 1471-0080 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Summary: | The reprogramming of somatic cells with defined factors, which converts cells from one lineage into cells of another, has greatly reshaped our traditional views on cell identity and cell fate determination. Direct reprogramming (also known as transdifferentiation) refers to cell fate conversion without transitioning through an intermediary pluripotent state. Given that the number of cell types that can be generated by direct reprogramming is rapidly increasing, it has become a promising strategy to produce functional cells for therapeutic purposes. This Review discusses the evolution of direct reprogramming from a transcription factor-based method to a small-molecule-driven approach, the recent progress in enhancing reprogrammed cell maturation, and the challenges associated with in vivo direct reprogramming for translational applications. It also describes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying direct reprogramming, including the role of transcription factors, epigenetic modifications, non-coding RNAs, and the function of metabolic reprogramming, and highlights novel insights gained from single-cell omics studies.
Direct reprogramming converts cells from one lineage into cells of another without going through an intermediary pluripotent state. This Review describes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying direct reprogramming as well as the progress in improving its efficiency and the maturation of reprogrammed cells, and the challenges associated with its translational applications. |
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| Bibliography: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 The authors contributed equally to all aspects of the article. Author contributions |
| ISSN: | 1471-0072 1471-0080 1471-0080 |
| DOI: | 10.1038/s41580-021-00335-z |