Nanoparticle classification, physicochemical properties, characterization, and applications: a comprehensive review for biologists

Interest in nanomaterials and especially nanoparticles has exploded in the past decades primarily due to their novel or enhanced physical and chemical properties compared to bulk material. These extraordinary properties have created a multitude of innovative applications in the fields of medicine an...

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Vydané v:	Journal of nanobiotechnology Ročník 20; číslo 1; s. 262 - 29
Hlavní autori:	Joudeh, Nadeem, Linke, Dirk
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London BioMed Central 07.06.2022 BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V BMC
Predmet:	Agriculture Alternative energy sources Analysis Biogenic nanoparticles Biologists Bionanoparticles Biotechnology Carbon Catalysis Characterization of nanomaterials Chemical properties Chemical synthesis Chemistry Chemistry and Materials Science Egyptian civilization Electronics Food industry Food production Gold Hair Magnetic properties Medicine Metal nanoparticles Molecular Medicine Nanobiotechnology Nanomaterials Nanoparticles Nanotechnology Nanowires Optical properties Pharmaceuticals Physicochemical properties Practice Properties Quantum dots Review Norway Metal nanoparticles Characterization of nanomaterials Nanomaterials Biogenic nanoparticles Bionanoparticles Nanobiotechnology
ISSN:	1477-3155, 1477-3155
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Shrnutí:	Interest in nanomaterials and especially nanoparticles has exploded in the past decades primarily due to their novel or enhanced physical and chemical properties compared to bulk material. These extraordinary properties have created a multitude of innovative applications in the fields of medicine and pharma, electronics, agriculture, chemical catalysis, food industry, and many others. More recently, nanoparticles are also being synthesized ‘biologically’ through the use of plant- or microorganism-mediated processes, as an environmentally friendly alternative to the expensive, energy-intensive, and potentially toxic physical and chemical synthesis methods. This transdisciplinary approach to nanoparticle synthesis requires that biologists and biotechnologists understand and learn to use the complex methodology needed to properly characterize these processes. This review targets a bio-oriented audience and summarizes the physico–chemical properties of nanoparticles, and methods used for their characterization. It highlights why nanomaterials are different compared to micro- or bulk materials. We try to provide a comprehensive overview of the different classes of nanoparticles and their novel or enhanced physicochemical properties including mechanical, thermal, magnetic, electronic, optical, and catalytic properties. A comprehensive list of the common methods and techniques used for the characterization and analysis of these properties is presented together with a large list of examples for biogenic nanoparticles that have been previously synthesized and characterized, including their application in the fields of medicine, electronics, agriculture, and food production. We hope that this makes the many different methods more accessible to the readers, and to help with identifying the proper methodology for any given nanoscience problem.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1477-3155 1477-3155
DOI:	10.1186/s12951-022-01477-8