Mechanisms of enhancer action: the known and the unknown

Differential gene expression mechanisms ensure cellular differentiation and plasticity to shape ontogenetic and phylogenetic diversity of cell types. A key regulator of differential gene expression programs are the enhancers, the gene-distal cis -regulatory sequences that govern spatiotemporal and q...

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Vydané v:	Genome Biology Ročník 22; číslo 1; s. 108
Hlavní autori:	Panigrahi, Anil, O’Malley, Bert W.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London BioMed Central 15.04.2021 Springer Nature B.V BMC
Predmet:	Animal Genetics and Genomics Animals Binding Sites Bioinformatics Biomedical and Life Sciences cell differentiation Chromatin - genetics Chromatin - metabolism Chromatin Assembly and Disassembly Chromosomes Complement activation Complement regulatory proteins Deoxyribonucleic acid DNA DNA-Binding Proteins - metabolism Enhancer Elements, Genetic Enhancers Evolution, Molecular Evolutionary Biology Gene expression Gene Expression Regulation genome Genome-Wide Association Study Genomes Genomics Genomics - methods Human Genetics Humans Introns Life Sciences mechanics Microbial Genetics and Genomics Morphology Mutation Ontogeny Phylogeny Plant Genetics and Genomics Proteins Regulatory sequences Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid Review RNA polymerase Signal Transduction Transcription activation Transcriptional Activation
ISSN:	1474-760X, 1474-7596, 1474-760X
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Differential gene expression mechanisms ensure cellular differentiation and plasticity to shape ontogenetic and phylogenetic diversity of cell types. A key regulator of differential gene expression programs are the enhancers, the gene-distal cis -regulatory sequences that govern spatiotemporal and quantitative expression dynamics of target genes. Enhancers are widely believed to physically contact the target promoters to effect transcriptional activation. However, our understanding of the full complement of regulatory proteins and the definitive mechanics of enhancer action is incomplete. Here, we review recent findings to present some emerging concepts on enhancer action and also outline a set of outstanding questions.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23
ISSN:	1474-760X 1474-7596 1474-760X
DOI:	10.1186/s13059-021-02322-1