Spike is the most recognized antigen in the whole-blood platform in both acute and convalescent COVID-19 patients
•Whole-blood interferon-γ-release assay (IGRA) enabled the response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides to be evaluated.•Spike protein was the best stimulus to discriminate COVID-19 from NO-COVID-19.•A SARS-CoV-2-specific response is rarely observed in NO-COVID-19 individuals.•This SARS-CoV-2 IGRA has the potent...
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| Published in: | International journal of infectious diseases Vol. 106; pp. 338 - 347 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier Ltd
01.05.2021
The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of International Society for Infectious Diseases Elsevier |
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| ISSN: | 1201-9712, 1878-3511, 1878-3511 |
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| Abstract | •Whole-blood interferon-γ-release assay (IGRA) enabled the response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides to be evaluated.•Spike protein was the best stimulus to discriminate COVID-19 from NO-COVID-19.•A SARS-CoV-2-specific response is rarely observed in NO-COVID-19 individuals.•This SARS-CoV-2 IGRA has the potential to be a powerful diagnostic tool.
To identify the best experimental approach to detect a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using a whole-blood platform.
Whole-blood from 56 COVID-19 and 23 “NO-COVID-19” individuals were stimulated overnight with different concentrations (0.1 or 1 μg/mL) of SARS-CoV-2 PepTivator® Peptide Pools, including spike (pool S), nucleocapsid (pool N), membrane (pool M), and a MegaPool (MP) of these three peptide pools. ELISA was used to analyse interferon (IFN)-γ levels.
The IFN-γ-response to every SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared with NO-COVID-19 individuals. Pool S and MegaPool were the most potent immunogenic stimuli (median: 0.51, IQR: 0.14–2.17; and median: 1.18, IQR: 0.27–4.72, respectively) compared with pools N and M (median: 0.22, IQR: 0.032–1.26; and median: 0.22, IQR: 0.01−0.71, respectively). The whole-blood test based on pool S and MegaPool showed a good sensitivity of 77% and a high specificity of 96%. The IFN-γ-response was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and independently detected of clinical parameters in both hospitalized and recovered patients.
This easy-to-use assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses may be implemented in clinical laboratories as a powerful diagnostic tool. |
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| AbstractList | To identify the best experimental approach to detect a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using a whole-blood platform.OBJECTIVESTo identify the best experimental approach to detect a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using a whole-blood platform.Whole-blood from 56 COVID-19 and 23 "NO-COVID-19" individuals were stimulated overnight with different concentrations (0.1 or 1 μg/mL) of SARS-CoV-2 PepTivator® Peptide Pools, including spike (pool S), nucleocapsid (pool N), membrane (pool M), and a MegaPool (MP) of these three peptide pools. ELISA was used to analyse interferon (IFN)-γ levels.METHODSWhole-blood from 56 COVID-19 and 23 "NO-COVID-19" individuals were stimulated overnight with different concentrations (0.1 or 1 μg/mL) of SARS-CoV-2 PepTivator® Peptide Pools, including spike (pool S), nucleocapsid (pool N), membrane (pool M), and a MegaPool (MP) of these three peptide pools. ELISA was used to analyse interferon (IFN)-γ levels.The IFN-γ-response to every SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared with NO-COVID-19 individuals. Pool S and MegaPool were the most potent immunogenic stimuli (median: 0.51, IQR: 0.14-2.17; and median: 1.18, IQR: 0.27-4.72, respectively) compared with pools N and M (median: 0.22, IQR: 0.032-1.26; and median: 0.22, IQR: 0.01-0.71, respectively). The whole-blood test based on pool S and MegaPool showed a good sensitivity of 77% and a high specificity of 96%. The IFN-γ-response was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and independently detected of clinical parameters in both hospitalized and recovered patients.RESULTSThe IFN-γ-response to every SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared with NO-COVID-19 individuals. Pool S and MegaPool were the most potent immunogenic stimuli (median: 0.51, IQR: 0.14-2.17; and median: 1.18, IQR: 0.27-4.72, respectively) compared with pools N and M (median: 0.22, IQR: 0.032-1.26; and median: 0.22, IQR: 0.01-0.71, respectively). The whole-blood test based on pool S and MegaPool showed a good sensitivity of 77% and a high specificity of 96%. The IFN-γ-response was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and independently detected of clinical parameters in both hospitalized and recovered patients.This easy-to-use assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses may be implemented in clinical laboratories as a powerful diagnostic tool.CONCLUSIONSThis easy-to-use assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses may be implemented in clinical laboratories as a powerful diagnostic tool. •Whole-blood interferon-γ-release assay (IGRA) enabled the response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides to be evaluated.•Spike protein was the best stimulus to discriminate COVID-19 from NO-COVID-19.•A SARS-CoV-2-specific response is rarely observed in NO-COVID-19 individuals.•This SARS-CoV-2 IGRA has the potential to be a powerful diagnostic tool. To identify the best experimental approach to detect a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using a whole-blood platform. Whole-blood from 56 COVID-19 and 23 “NO-COVID-19” individuals were stimulated overnight with different concentrations (0.1 or 1 μg/mL) of SARS-CoV-2 PepTivator® Peptide Pools, including spike (pool S), nucleocapsid (pool N), membrane (pool M), and a MegaPool (MP) of these three peptide pools. ELISA was used to analyse interferon (IFN)-γ levels. The IFN-γ-response to every SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared with NO-COVID-19 individuals. Pool S and MegaPool were the most potent immunogenic stimuli (median: 0.51, IQR: 0.14–2.17; and median: 1.18, IQR: 0.27–4.72, respectively) compared with pools N and M (median: 0.22, IQR: 0.032–1.26; and median: 0.22, IQR: 0.01−0.71, respectively). The whole-blood test based on pool S and MegaPool showed a good sensitivity of 77% and a high specificity of 96%. The IFN-γ-response was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and independently detected of clinical parameters in both hospitalized and recovered patients. This easy-to-use assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses may be implemented in clinical laboratories as a powerful diagnostic tool. Objectives: To identify the best experimental approach to detect a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using a whole-blood platform. Methods: Whole-blood from 56 COVID-19 and 23 “NO-COVID-19” individuals were stimulated overnight with different concentrations (0.1 or 1 μg/mL) of SARS-CoV-2 PepTivator® Peptide Pools, including spike (pool S), nucleocapsid (pool N), membrane (pool M), and a MegaPool (MP) of these three peptide pools. ELISA was used to analyse interferon (IFN)-γ levels. Results: The IFN-γ-response to every SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared with NO-COVID-19 individuals. Pool S and MegaPool were the most potent immunogenic stimuli (median: 0.51, IQR: 0.14–2.17; and median: 1.18, IQR: 0.27–4.72, respectively) compared with pools N and M (median: 0.22, IQR: 0.032–1.26; and median: 0.22, IQR: 0.01−0.71, respectively). The whole-blood test based on pool S and MegaPool showed a good sensitivity of 77% and a high specificity of 96%. The IFN-γ-response was mediated by both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and independently detected of clinical parameters in both hospitalized and recovered patients. Conclusions: This easy-to-use assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses may be implemented in clinical laboratories as a powerful diagnostic tool. To identify the best experimental approach to detect a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using a whole-blood platform. Whole-blood from 56 COVID-19 and 23 "NO-COVID-19" individuals were stimulated overnight with different concentrations (0.1 or 1 μg/mL) of SARS-CoV-2 PepTivator® Peptide Pools, including spike (pool S), nucleocapsid (pool N), membrane (pool M), and a MegaPool (MP) of these three peptide pools. ELISA was used to analyse interferon (IFN)-γ levels. The IFN-γ-response to every SARS-CoV-2 peptide pool was significantly increased in COVID-19 patients compared with NO-COVID-19 individuals. Pool S and MegaPool were the most potent immunogenic stimuli (median: 0.51, IQR: 0.14-2.17; and median: 1.18, IQR: 0.27-4.72, respectively) compared with pools N and M (median: 0.22, IQR: 0.032-1.26; and median: 0.22, IQR: 0.01-0.71, respectively). The whole-blood test based on pool S and MegaPool showed a good sensitivity of 77% and a high specificity of 96%. The IFN-γ-response was mediated by both CD4 and CD8 T cells, and independently detected of clinical parameters in both hospitalized and recovered patients. This easy-to-use assay for detecting SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell responses may be implemented in clinical laboratories as a powerful diagnostic tool. |
| Author | Nicastri, Emanuele Petruccioli, Elisa Farroni, Chiara Mosti, Silvia Aiello, Alessandra Navarra, Assunta Vanini, Valentina Gualano, Gina Goletti, Delia Pierelli, Luca Najafi Fard, Saeid Petrone, Linda Cuzzi, Gilda |
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| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33864921$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Keywords | COVID-19 IFN-γ-release assay (IGRA) SARS-CoV-2 Membrane protein Whole-blood Spike protein T cell response Nucleocapsid protein |
| Language | English |
| License | This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license. Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved. Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active. |
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| Snippet | •Whole-blood interferon-γ-release assay (IGRA) enabled the response to SARS-CoV-2 peptides to be evaluated.•Spike protein was the best stimulus to discriminate... To identify the best experimental approach to detect a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using a whole-blood platform. Whole-blood from 56 COVID-19 and 23... To identify the best experimental approach to detect a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using a whole-blood platform.OBJECTIVESTo identify the best... Objectives: To identify the best experimental approach to detect a SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response using a whole-blood platform. Methods: Whole-blood from... |
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| SubjectTerms | COVID-19 IFN-γ-release assay (IGRA) Membrane protein Nucleocapsid protein SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein T cell response Whole-blood |
| Title | Spike is the most recognized antigen in the whole-blood platform in both acute and convalescent COVID-19 patients |
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