Small but mighty: Functional landscape of the versatile geminivirus-encoded C4 protein

The fast-paced evolution of viruses enables them to quickly adapt to the organisms they infect by constantly exploring the potential functional landscape of the proteins encoded in their genomes. Geminiviruses, DNA viruses infecting plants and causing devastating crop diseases worldwide, produce a l...

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Vydáno v:PLoS pathogens Ročník 17; číslo 10; s. e1009915
Hlavní autoři: Medina-Puche, Laura, Orílio, Anelise F., Zerbini, F. Murilo, Lozano-Durán, Rosa
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: San Francisco Public Library of Science 07.10.2021
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:
Biological evolution
Biology and Life Sciences
C4 protein
Cell cycle
Chloroplasts
Crop diseases
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA viruses
Gene expression
Genetic aspects
Genomes
Host-virus relationships
Infections
Localization
Peptides
Physiological aspects
Plant diseases
Plant viruses
Positive selection
Proteins
Review
Viral infections
Viral proteins
Virulence
Virulence (Microbiology)
Viruses
Germany
ISSN:1553-7374, 1553-7366, 1553-7374
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Popis
Shrnutí:The fast-paced evolution of viruses enables them to quickly adapt to the organisms they infect by constantly exploring the potential functional landscape of the proteins encoded in their genomes. Geminiviruses, DNA viruses infecting plants and causing devastating crop diseases worldwide, produce a limited number of multifunctional proteins that mediate the manipulation of the cellular environment to the virus’ advantage. Among the proteins produced by the members of this family, C4, the smallest one described to date, is emerging as a powerful viral effector with unexpected versatility. C4 is the only geminiviral protein consistently subjected to positive selection and displays a number of dynamic subcellular localizations, interacting partners, and functions, which can vary between viral species. In this review, we aim to summarize our current knowledge on this remarkable viral protein, encompassing the different aspects of its multilayered diversity, and discuss what it can teach us about geminivirus evolution, invasion requirements, and virulence strategies.
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The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1553-7374
1553-7366
1553-7374
DOI:10.1371/journal.ppat.1009915