Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease

The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor that senses the arterial PO 2 , PCO 2 and pH. In response to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis, carotid chemosensory discharge elicits reflex respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular adjustments. The classical construct considers the CB a...

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Vydané v:	Biological research Ročník 49; číslo 1; s. 13
Hlavní autori:	Iturriaga, Rodrigo, Del Rio, Rodrigo, Idiaquez, Juan, Somers, Virend K.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	London BioMed Central 26.02.2016 BioMed Central Ltd Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Biomedical and Life Sciences Care and treatment Carotid Body - chemistry Carotid Body - physiopathology Cell Biology Chemoreceptors Complications and side effects Developmental Biology Heart failure Heart Failure - etiology Heart Failure - physiopathology Humans Hypertension Influence Life Sciences Metabolic Diseases - etiology Metabolic Diseases - physiopathology Microbiology Neurosciences Plant Sciences Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - etiology Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - physiopathology Review Risk Factors Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - etiology Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - physiopathology Sympathetic Nervous System - physiopathology Trending themes in neurobiology Heart failure Autonomic dysfunction Carotid body Metabolic syndrome Sympathetic activation Obstructive sleep apnea
ISSN:	0717-6287, 0716-9760, 0717-6287
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Popis
Shrnutí:	The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor that senses the arterial PO 2 , PCO 2 and pH. In response to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis, carotid chemosensory discharge elicits reflex respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular adjustments. The classical construct considers the CB as the main peripheral oxygen sensor, triggering reflex physiological responses to acute hypoxemia and facilitating the ventilatory acclimation to chronic hypoxemia at high altitude. However, a growing body of experimental evidence supports the novel concept that an abnormally enhanced CB chemosensory input to the brainstem contributes to overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, and consequent pathology. Indeed, the CB has been implicated in several diseases associated with increases in central sympathetic outflow. These include hypertension, heart failure, sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, ablation of the CB has been proposed for the treatment of severe and resistant hypertension in humans. In this review, we will analyze and discuss new evidence supporting an important role for the CB chemoreceptor in the progression of autonomic and cardiorespiratory alterations induced by heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Feature-3 content type line 23 ObjectType-Review-2
ISSN:	0717-6287 0716-9760 0717-6287
DOI:	10.1186/s40659-016-0073-8