Carotid body chemoreceptors, sympathetic neural activation, and cardiometabolic disease

The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor that senses the arterial PO 2 , PCO 2 and pH. In response to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis, carotid chemosensory discharge elicits reflex respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular adjustments. The classical construct considers the CB a...

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Veröffentlicht in:Biological research Jg. 49; H. 1; S. 13
Hauptverfasser: Iturriaga, Rodrigo, Del Rio, Rodrigo, Idiaquez, Juan, Somers, Virend K.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: London BioMed Central 26.02.2016
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Care and treatment
Carotid Body - chemistry
Carotid Body - physiopathology
Cell Biology
Chemoreceptors
Complications and side effects
Developmental Biology
Heart failure
Heart Failure - etiology
Heart Failure - physiopathology
Humans
Hypertension
Influence
Life Sciences
Metabolic Diseases - etiology
Metabolic Diseases - physiopathology
Microbiology
Neurosciences
Plant Sciences
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - etiology
Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - physiopathology
Review
Risk Factors
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - etiology
Sleep Apnea, Obstructive - physiopathology
Sympathetic Nervous System - physiopathology
Trending themes in neurobiology
Heart failure
Autonomic dysfunction
Carotid body
Metabolic syndrome
Sympathetic activation
Obstructive sleep apnea
ISSN:0717-6287, 0716-9760, 0717-6287
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor that senses the arterial PO 2 , PCO 2 and pH. In response to hypoxemia, hypercapnia and acidosis, carotid chemosensory discharge elicits reflex respiratory, autonomic and cardiovascular adjustments. The classical construct considers the CB as the main peripheral oxygen sensor, triggering reflex physiological responses to acute hypoxemia and facilitating the ventilatory acclimation to chronic hypoxemia at high altitude. However, a growing body of experimental evidence supports the novel concept that an abnormally enhanced CB chemosensory input to the brainstem contributes to overactivation of the sympathetic nervous system, and consequent pathology. Indeed, the CB has been implicated in several diseases associated with increases in central sympathetic outflow. These include hypertension, heart failure, sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome. Indeed, ablation of the CB has been proposed for the treatment of severe and resistant hypertension in humans. In this review, we will analyze and discuss new evidence supporting an important role for the CB chemoreceptor in the progression of autonomic and cardiorespiratory alterations induced by heart failure, obstructive sleep apnea, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and metabolic syndrome.
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ISSN:0717-6287
0716-9760
0717-6287
DOI:10.1186/s40659-016-0073-8