Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: A review

Commercial activated carbon is a preferred adsorbent for the removal of micropollutants from the aqueous phase; however, its widespread use is restricted due to high associated costs. To decrease treatment costs, attempts have been made to find inexpensive alternative activated carbon (AC) precursor...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of environmental management Vol. 85; no. 4; pp. 833 - 846
Main Authors: Dias, Joana M., Alvim-Ferraz, Maria C.M., Almeida, Manuel F., Rivera-Utrilla, José, Sánchez-Polo, Manuel
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2007
Elsevier
Academic Press Ltd
Subjects:
Activated carbon
adsorbents
adsorption
agricultural wastes
Agriculture
Air pollution
Animal, plant and microbial ecology
Applied ecology
Aqueous chemistry
Aqueous solutions
Aqueous-phase treatments
Biological and medical sciences
Carbon
Charcoal
Charcoal - chemistry
Chemicals
chemistry
Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife
Contaminants
Environmental management
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
General aspects
Hazardous wastes
Health care expenditures
Heavy metals
Industrial areas
Industrial waste
Literature reviews
Lumber industry
Materials
Metals
Metals, Heavy
Metals, Heavy - chemistry
methods
Organic compounds
Pollutant removal
pollutants
Precursors
Property
Recycling
Review
Review articles
Timber industry
Treatment methods
VOCs
Volatile organic compounds
Waste Disposal, Fluid
Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods
Waste Management
Waste Management - methods
Waste materials
Waste Products
wastewater treatment
wood residues
ACC
AC
ACF
GAC
PhA
Review
VOC
Aqueous-phase treatments
Waste materials
PAC
Activated carbon
PVC
ChA
PET
Wastes
Environmental management
ISSN:0301-4797, 1095-8630
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Commercial activated carbon is a preferred adsorbent for the removal of micropollutants from the aqueous phase; however, its widespread use is restricted due to high associated costs. To decrease treatment costs, attempts have been made to find inexpensive alternative activated carbon (AC) precursors, such as waste materials. Some reviews report the use of waste materials for the preparation of AC; however, these studies are restricted to either type of wastes, preparation procedures, or specific aqueous-phase applications. The present work reviews and evaluates literature dedicated both to the preparation of AC by recycling different types of waste materials and also to its application in various aqueous-phase treatments. It is clear that conventional (from agriculture and wood industry) and non-conventional (from municipal and industrial activities) wastes can be used to prepare AC, that can be applied in various aqueous treatment processes, namely to remove organic pollutants, dyes, volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals. Moreover, high surface areas can be obtained using either physical or chemical activation; however, combined treatments might enhance the surface properties of the adsorbent, therefore increasing its adsorption capacity. It is evident from the revision made that AC prepared from both conventional and non-conventional wastes might effectively compete with the commercial ones. This happens mostly when the activation procedures are optimized considering both the raw material used to produce the carbons and the contaminants to be removed.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.031
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ISSN:0301-4797
1095-8630
DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.031