Waste materials for activated carbon preparation and its use in aqueous-phase treatment: A review

Commercial activated carbon is a preferred adsorbent for the removal of micropollutants from the aqueous phase; however, its widespread use is restricted due to high associated costs. To decrease treatment costs, attempts have been made to find inexpensive alternative activated carbon (AC) precursor...

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Vydáno v:	Journal of environmental management Ročník 85; číslo 4; s. 833 - 846
Hlavní autoři:	Dias, Joana M., Alvim-Ferraz, Maria C.M., Almeida, Manuel F., Rivera-Utrilla, José, Sánchez-Polo, Manuel
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2007 Elsevier Academic Press Ltd
Témata:	Activated carbon adsorbents adsorption agricultural wastes Agriculture Air pollution Animal, plant and microbial ecology Applied ecology Aqueous chemistry Aqueous solutions Aqueous-phase treatments Biological and medical sciences Carbon Charcoal Charcoal - chemistry Chemicals chemistry Conservation, protection and management of environment and wildlife Contaminants Environmental management Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology General aspects Hazardous wastes Health care expenditures Heavy metals Industrial areas Industrial waste Literature reviews Lumber industry Materials Metals Metals, Heavy Metals, Heavy - chemistry methods Organic compounds Pollutant removal pollutants Precursors Property Recycling Review Review articles Timber industry Treatment methods VOCs Volatile organic compounds Waste Disposal, Fluid Waste Disposal, Fluid - methods Waste Management Waste Management - methods Waste materials Waste Products wastewater treatment wood residues ACC AC ACF GAC PhA Review VOC Aqueous-phase treatments Waste materials PAC Activated carbon PVC ChA PET Wastes Environmental management
ISSN:	0301-4797, 1095-8630
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Commercial activated carbon is a preferred adsorbent for the removal of micropollutants from the aqueous phase; however, its widespread use is restricted due to high associated costs. To decrease treatment costs, attempts have been made to find inexpensive alternative activated carbon (AC) precursors, such as waste materials. Some reviews report the use of waste materials for the preparation of AC; however, these studies are restricted to either type of wastes, preparation procedures, or specific aqueous-phase applications. The present work reviews and evaluates literature dedicated both to the preparation of AC by recycling different types of waste materials and also to its application in various aqueous-phase treatments. It is clear that conventional (from agriculture and wood industry) and non-conventional (from municipal and industrial activities) wastes can be used to prepare AC, that can be applied in various aqueous treatment processes, namely to remove organic pollutants, dyes, volatile organic compounds, and heavy metals. Moreover, high surface areas can be obtained using either physical or chemical activation; however, combined treatments might enhance the surface properties of the adsorbent, therefore increasing its adsorption capacity. It is evident from the revision made that AC prepared from both conventional and non-conventional wastes might effectively compete with the commercial ones. This happens mostly when the activation procedures are optimized considering both the raw material used to produce the carbons and the contaminants to be removed.
Bibliografie:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.031 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Literature Review-2 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 23 ObjectType-Feature-2 ObjectType-Review-3
ISSN:	0301-4797 1095-8630
DOI:	10.1016/j.jenvman.2007.07.031