SemiSPECT: A small-animal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager based on eight cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector arrays
The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Medical physics (Lancaster) Jg. 33; H. 2; S. 465 - 474 |
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| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Sprache: | Englisch |
| Veröffentlicht: |
United States
American Association of Physicists in Medicine
01.02.2006
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| ISSN: | 0094-2405, 2473-4209 |
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| Abstract | The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a
2.7
cm
×
2.7
cm
×
∼
0.2
cm
slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a
64
×
64
pixel
array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium-bump bonding. A bias voltage of
−
180
V
is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead-shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight-pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list-mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using
Tc
99
m
. When a
0.5
mm
diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about
1.4
mm
as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm-independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a
3
×
3
window is about 10% full-width-at-half-maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about
0.5
×
10
−
4
with the energy window of
±
10
%
from the photopeak. Line-phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small-animal studies with SemiSPECT. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The first full single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high‐intrinsic‐resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application‐specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a 2.7cm×2.7cm×∼0.2cm slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a 64×64pixel array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium‐bump bonding. A bias voltage of −180V is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead‐shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight‐pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list‐mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using Tc99m. When a 0.5mm diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about 1.4mm as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm‐independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a 3×3 window is about 10% full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about 0.5×10−4 with the energy window of ±10% from the photopeak. Line‐phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small‐animal studies with SemiSPECT. The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a 2.7 cm x 2.7 cm x -0.2 cm slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a 64 x 64 pixel array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium-bump bonding. A bias voltage of -180 V is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead-shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight-pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list-mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using 99mTc. When a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about 1.4 mm as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm-independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a 3 x 3 window is about 10% full-width-at-half-maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about 0.5 x 10(-4) with the energy window of +/-10% from the photopeak. Line-phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small-animal studies with SemiSPECT.The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a 2.7 cm x 2.7 cm x -0.2 cm slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a 64 x 64 pixel array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium-bump bonding. A bias voltage of -180 V is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead-shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight-pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list-mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using 99mTc. When a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about 1.4 mm as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm-independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a 3 x 3 window is about 10% full-width-at-half-maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about 0.5 x 10(-4) with the energy window of +/-10% from the photopeak. Line-phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small-animal studies with SemiSPECT. The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a 2.7 cm x 2.7 cm x -0.2 cm slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a 64 x 64 pixel array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium-bump bonding. A bias voltage of -180 V is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead-shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight-pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list-mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using 99mTc. When a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about 1.4 mm as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm-independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a 3 x 3 window is about 10% full-width-at-half-maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about 0.5 x 10(-4) with the energy window of +/-10% from the photopeak. Line-phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small-animal studies with SemiSPECT. The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a 2.7 cm × 2.7 cm × ∼ 0.2 cm slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a 64 × 64 pixel array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium-bump bonding. A bias voltage of − 180 V is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead-shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight-pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list-mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using Tc 99 m . When a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about 1.4 mm as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm-independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a 3 × 3 window is about 10% full-width-at-half-maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about 0.5 × 10 − 4 with the energy window of ± 10 % from the photopeak. Line-phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small-animal studies with SemiSPECT. The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a 2.7 cm × 2.7 cm × ~ 0.2 cm slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a 64 × 64 pixel array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium-bump bonding. A bias voltage of −180 V is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead-shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight-pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list-mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using 99mTc. When a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about 1.4 mm as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm-independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a 3 × 3 window is about 10% full-width-at-half-maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about 0.5 × 10−4 with the energy window of ±10% from the photopeak. Line-phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small-animal studies with SemiSPECT. The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a 2.7 cmx2.7 cmx{approx}0.2 cm slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a 64x64 pixel array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium-bump bonding. A bias voltage of -180 V is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead-shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight-pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list-mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using {sup 99m}Tc. When a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about 1.4 mm as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm-independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a 3x3 window is about 10% full-width-at-half-maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about 0.5x10{sup -4} with the energy window of {+-}10% from the photopeak. Line-phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small-animal studies with SemiSPECT. The first full single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high‐intrinsic‐resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application‐specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium‐bump bonding. A bias voltage of is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead‐shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight‐pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list‐mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using . When a diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm‐independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a window is about 10% full‐width‐at‐half‐maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about with the energy window of from the photopeak. Line‐phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small‐animal studies with SemiSPECT. |
| Author | Kim, Hyunki Wilson, Donald W. Woolfenden, James M. Barber, H. Bradford Hunter, William C. J. Liu, Zhonglin Furenlid, Lars R. Crawford, Michael J. Peterson, Todd E. Barrett, Harrison H. |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hyunki surname: Kim fullname: Kim, Hyunki organization: College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 – sequence: 2 givenname: Lars R. surname: Furenlid fullname: Furenlid, Lars R. organization: College of Optical Sciences and Department of Radiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 – sequence: 3 givenname: Michael J. surname: Crawford fullname: Crawford, Michael J. organization: College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 – sequence: 4 givenname: Donald W. surname: Wilson fullname: Wilson, Donald W. organization: Department of Radiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 – sequence: 5 givenname: H. Bradford surname: Barber fullname: Barber, H. Bradford organization: College of Optical Sciences and Department of Radiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 – sequence: 6 givenname: Todd E. surname: Peterson fullname: Peterson, Todd E. organization: Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232 – sequence: 7 givenname: William C. J. surname: Hunter fullname: Hunter, William C. J. organization: Department of Physics, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 – sequence: 8 givenname: Zhonglin surname: Liu fullname: Liu, Zhonglin organization: Department of Radiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 – sequence: 9 givenname: James M. surname: Woolfenden fullname: Woolfenden, James M. organization: Department of Radiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 – sequence: 10 givenname: Harrison H. surname: Barrett fullname: Barrett, Harrison H. organization: College of Optical Sciences and Department of Radiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85724 |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16532954$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20775071$$D View this record in Osti.gov |
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| Copyright | American Association of Physicists in Medicine 2006 American Association of Physicists in Medicine |
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| Keywords | small-animal imaging cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) |
| Language | English |
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| Notes | hyunki@uab.edu Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at 815 Boshell Building, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294‐0012. Telephone: 205‐996‐4088; Fax: 205‐975‐6522; Electronic mail ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 |
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| PublicationPlace | United States |
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| Snippet | The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)... The first full single‐photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high‐intrinsic‐resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)... |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals bone Bone and Bones - diagnostic imaging CADMIUM Cadmium Compounds - chemistry cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) cancer Carcinoma - diagnostic imaging Electrodes Equipment Design Fourier analysis Gamma Rays Heart - diagnostic imaging Humans Image detection systems Image Enhancement - methods Image reconstruction Image sensors indium matrix algebra Medical image reconstruction Medical imaging MICE Modulation transfer functions MYOCARDIUM NEOPLASMS Numerical linear algebra PHANTOMS Phantoms, Imaging Photography photolithography Photons Radiography RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE Radiopharmaceuticals Sensitivity and Specificity SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) SKELETON small-animal imaging SOLID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS SPATIAL RESOLUTION technetium TECHNETIUM 99 TELLURIDES Tellurium - chemistry Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon - instrumentation Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon - methods Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon - veterinary tumours ZINC |
| Title | SemiSPECT: A small-animal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager based on eight cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector arrays |
| URI | http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2164070 https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1118%2F1.2164070 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16532954 https://www.proquest.com/docview/67746399 https://www.osti.gov/biblio/20775071 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC2655644 |
| Volume | 33 |
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