SemiSPECT: A small-animal single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager based on eight cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detector arrays

The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Medical physics (Lancaster) Vol. 33; no. 2; pp. 465 - 474
Main Authors: Kim, Hyunki, Furenlid, Lars R., Crawford, Michael J., Wilson, Donald W., Barber, H. Bradford, Peterson, Todd E., Hunter, William C. J., Liu, Zhonglin, Woolfenden, James M., Barrett, Harrison H.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States American Association of Physicists in Medicine 01.02.2006
Subjects:
Animals
bone
Bone and Bones - diagnostic imaging
CADMIUM
Cadmium Compounds - chemistry
cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)
cancer
Carcinoma - diagnostic imaging
Electrodes
Equipment Design
Fourier analysis
Gamma Rays
Heart - diagnostic imaging
Humans
Image detection systems
Image Enhancement - methods
Image reconstruction
Image sensors
indium
matrix algebra
Medical image reconstruction
Medical imaging
MICE
Modulation transfer functions
MYOCARDIUM
NEOPLASMS
Numerical linear algebra
PHANTOMS
Phantoms, Imaging
Photography
photolithography
Photons
Radiography
RADIOLOGY AND NUCLEAR MEDICINE
Radiopharmaceuticals
Sensitivity and Specificity
SINGLE PHOTON EMISSION COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
SKELETON
small-animal imaging
SOLID SCINTILLATION DETECTORS
SPATIAL RESOLUTION
technetium
TECHNETIUM 99
TELLURIDES
Tellurium - chemistry
Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon - instrumentation
Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon - methods
Tomography, Emission-Computed, Single-Photon - veterinary
tumours
ZINC
small-animal imaging
cadmium zinc telluride (CZT)
single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
ISSN:0094-2405, 2473-4209
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The first full single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imager to exploit eight compact high-intrinsic-resolution cadmium zinc telluride (CZT) detectors, called SemiSPECT, has been completed. Each detector consists of a CZT crystal and a customized application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC). The CZT crystal is a 2.7 cm × 2.7 cm × ∼ 0.2 cm slab with a continuous top electrode and a bottom electrode patterned into a 64 × 64 pixel array by photolithography. The ASIC is attached to the bottom of the CZT crystal by indium-bump bonding. A bias voltage of − 180 V is applied to the continuous electrode. The eight detectors are arranged in an octagonal lead-shielded ring. Each pinhole in the eight-pinhole aperture placed at the center of the ring is matched to each individual detector array. An object is imaged onto each detector through a pinhole, and each detector is operated independently with list-mode acquisition. The imaging subject can be rotated about a vertical axis to obtain additional angular projections. The performance of SemiSPECT was characterized using Tc 99 m . When a 0.5 mm diameter pinhole is used, the spatial resolution on each axis is about 1.4 mm as estimated by the Fourier crosstalk matrix, which provides an algorithm-independent average resolution over the field of view. The energy resolution achieved by summing neighboring pixel signals in a 3 × 3 window is about 10% full-width-at-half-maximum of the photopeak. The overall system sensitivity is about 0.5 × 10 − 4 with the energy window of ± 10 % from the photopeak. Line-phantom images are presented to visualize the spatial resolution provided by SemiSPECT, and images of bone, myocardium, and human tumor xenografts in mice demonstrate the feasibility of preclinical small-animal studies with SemiSPECT.
Bibliography:hyunki@uab.edu
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed at 815 Boshell Building, 1808 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35294‐0012. Telephone: 205‐996‐4088; Fax: 205‐975‐6522; Electronic mail
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ISSN:0094-2405
2473-4209
DOI:10.1118/1.2164070