Comparative pathogenicity and environmental transmission of recent highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses

Strategies to control spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses by wild birds appear limited, hence timely characterization of novel viruses is important to mitigate the risk for the poultry sector and human health. In this study we characterize three recent H5-clade 2.3.4.4 viruses...

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Published in:Emerging microbes & infections Vol. 10; no. 1; pp. 97 - 108
Main Authors: Beerens, Nancy, Germeraad, Evelien A., Venema, Sandra, Verheij, Eline, Pritz-Verschuren, Sylvia B.E., Gonzales, Jose L.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Taylor & Francis 01.01.2021
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Taylor & Francis Group
Subjects:
Animals
Anseriformes - virology
Chickens - virology
Cloaca - virology
ducks
environmental transmission
Eurasian wigeons
Feces - virology
Female
Genome, Viral
H5N6
H5N8
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Influenza
Influenza A virus - classification
Influenza A virus - genetics
Influenza A virus - pathogenicity
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - classification
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - genetics
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - pathogenicity
Influenza in Birds - transmission
Male
pathogenicity
Poultry
Virus Shedding
Viruses
Water Microbiology
pathogenicity
environmental transmission
H5N6
H5N8
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
virus shedding
Eurasian wigeons
ducks
ISSN:2222-1751, 2222-1751
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Abstract Strategies to control spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses by wild birds appear limited, hence timely characterization of novel viruses is important to mitigate the risk for the poultry sector and human health. In this study we characterize three recent H5-clade 2.3.4.4 viruses, the H5N8-2014 group A virus and the H5N8-2016 and H5N6-2017 group B viruses. The pathogenicity of the three viruses for chickens, Pekin ducks and Eurasian wigeons was compared. The three viruses were highly pathogenic for chickens, but the two H5N8 viruses caused no to mild clinical symptoms in both duck species. The highest pathogenicity for duck species was observed for the most recent H5N6-2017 virus. For both duck species, virus shedding from the cloaca was higher after infection with group B viruses compared to the H5N8-2014 group A virus. Higher cloacal virus shedding of wild ducks may increase transmission between wild birds and poultry. Environmental transmission of H5N8-2016 virus to chickens was studied, which showed that chickens are efficiently infected by (fecal) contaminated water. These results suggest that pathogenicity of HPAI H5 viruses and virus shedding for ducks is evolving, which may have implications for the risk of introduction of these viruses into the poultry sector.
AbstractList Strategies to control spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses by wild birds appear limited, hence timely characterization of novel viruses is important to mitigate the risk for the poultry sector and human health. In this study we characterize three recent H5-clade 2.3.4.4 viruses, the H5N8-2014 group A virus and the H5N8-2016 and H5N6-2017 group B viruses. The pathogenicity of the three viruses for chickens, Pekin ducks and Eurasian wigeons was compared. The three viruses were highly pathogenic for chickens, but the two H5N8 viruses caused no to mild clinical symptoms in both duck species. The highest pathogenicity for duck species was observed for the most recent H5N6-2017 virus. For both duck species, virus shedding from the cloaca was higher after infection with group B viruses compared to the H5N8-2014 group A virus. Higher cloacal virus shedding of wild ducks may increase transmission between wild birds and poultry. Environmental transmission of H5N8-2016 virus to chickens was studied, which showed that chickens are efficiently infected by (fecal) contaminated water. These results suggest that pathogenicity of HPAI H5 viruses and virus shedding for ducks is evolving, which may have implications for the risk of introduction of these viruses into the poultry sector.
Strategies to control spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses by wild birds appear limited, hence timely characterization of novel viruses is important to mitigate the risk for the poultry sector and human health. In this study we characterize three recent H5-clade 2.3.4.4 viruses, the H5N8-2014 group A virus and the H5N8-2016 and H5N6-2017 group B viruses. The pathogenicity of the three viruses for chickens, Pekin ducks and Eurasian wigeons was compared. The three viruses were highly pathogenic for chickens, but the two H5N8 viruses caused no to mild clinical symptoms in both duck species. The highest pathogenicity for duck species was observed for the most recent H5N6-2017 virus. For both duck species, virus shedding from the cloaca was higher after infection with group B viruses compared to the H5N8-2014 group A virus. Higher cloacal virus shedding of wild ducks may increase transmission between wild birds and poultry. Environmental transmission of H5N8-2016 virus to chickens was studied, which showed that chickens are efficiently infected by (fecal) contaminated water. These results suggest that pathogenicity of HPAI H5 viruses and virus shedding for ducks is evolving, which may have implications for the risk of introduction of these viruses into the poultry sector.Strategies to control spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses by wild birds appear limited, hence timely characterization of novel viruses is important to mitigate the risk for the poultry sector and human health. In this study we characterize three recent H5-clade 2.3.4.4 viruses, the H5N8-2014 group A virus and the H5N8-2016 and H5N6-2017 group B viruses. The pathogenicity of the three viruses for chickens, Pekin ducks and Eurasian wigeons was compared. The three viruses were highly pathogenic for chickens, but the two H5N8 viruses caused no to mild clinical symptoms in both duck species. The highest pathogenicity for duck species was observed for the most recent H5N6-2017 virus. For both duck species, virus shedding from the cloaca was higher after infection with group B viruses compared to the H5N8-2014 group A virus. Higher cloacal virus shedding of wild ducks may increase transmission between wild birds and poultry. Environmental transmission of H5N8-2016 virus to chickens was studied, which showed that chickens are efficiently infected by (fecal) contaminated water. These results suggest that pathogenicity of HPAI H5 viruses and virus shedding for ducks is evolving, which may have implications for the risk of introduction of these viruses into the poultry sector.
Author Venema, Sandra
Gonzales, Jose L.
Pritz-Verschuren, Sylvia B.E.
Germeraad, Evelien A.
Beerens, Nancy
Verheij, Eline
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  surname: Beerens
  fullname: Beerens, Nancy
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  givenname: Evelien A.
  surname: Germeraad
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  givenname: Sandra
  surname: Venema
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  organization: Wageningen University and Research - Wageningen Bioveterinary Research
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  surname: Verheij
  fullname: Verheij, Eline
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  givenname: Sylvia B.E.
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  givenname: Jose L.
  surname: Gonzales
  fullname: Gonzales, Jose L.
  organization: Wageningen University and Research - Wageningen Bioveterinary Research
BackLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/33350337$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
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Issue 1
Keywords pathogenicity
environmental transmission
H5N6
H5N8
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
virus shedding
Eurasian wigeons
ducks
Language English
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Snippet Strategies to control spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) viruses by wild birds appear limited, hence timely characterization of novel viruses...
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StartPage 97
SubjectTerms Animals
Anseriformes - virology
Chickens - virology
Cloaca - virology
ducks
environmental transmission
Eurasian wigeons
Feces - virology
Female
Genome, Viral
H5N6
H5N8
Highly pathogenic avian influenza
Influenza
Influenza A virus - classification
Influenza A virus - genetics
Influenza A virus - pathogenicity
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - classification
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - genetics
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - pathogenicity
Influenza in Birds - transmission
Male
pathogenicity
Poultry
Virus Shedding
Viruses
Water Microbiology
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Title Comparative pathogenicity and environmental transmission of recent highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 viruses
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