Serological differentiation between COVID-19 and SARS infections

In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, multiple diagnostic tests are required for acute disease diagnosis, contact tracing, monitoring asymptomatic infection rates and assessing herd immunity. While PCR remains the frontline test of choice in the acute...

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Veröffentlicht in:Emerging microbes & infections Jg. 9; H. 1; S. 1497 - 1505
Hauptverfasser: Chia, Wan Ni, Tan, Chee Wah, Foo, Randy, Kang, Adrian Eng Zheng, Peng, Yilong, Sivalingam, Velraj, Tiu, Charles, Ong, Xin Mei, Zhu, Feng, Young, Barnaby E., Chen, Mark I.-C., Tan, Yee-Joo, Lye, David C., Anderson, Danielle E., Wang, Lin-Fa
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States Taylor & Francis 01.01.2020
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Taylor & Francis Group
Schlagworte:
Antibodies
Antibodies, Viral - blood
Antibodies, Viral - immunology
antibody
Betacoronavirus - immunology
Betacoronavirus - isolation & purification
Clinical Laboratory Techniques - methods
Coronavirus Infections - diagnosis
Coronavirus Nucleocapsid Proteins
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
COVID-19 diagnostic tests
COVID-19 Testing
Cross Reactions
Diagnosis, Differential
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay - methods
HEK293 Cells
Humans
Immunoprecipitation
Nucleocapsid Proteins - immunology
Pandemics
Phosphoproteins
Pneumonia, Viral - diagnosis
Protein Domains - immunology
SARS
SARS Virus - immunology
SARS Virus - isolation & purification
SARS-CoV-2
Serologic Tests - methods
Serology
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome - diagnosis
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology
COVID-19
SARS
SARS-CoV-2
antibody
serology
ISSN:2222-1751, 2222-1751
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Zusammenfassung:In response to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak, caused by SARS-CoV-2, multiple diagnostic tests are required for acute disease diagnosis, contact tracing, monitoring asymptomatic infection rates and assessing herd immunity. While PCR remains the frontline test of choice in the acute diagnostic setting, serological tests are urgently needed. Unlike PCR tests which are highly specific, cross-reactivity is a major challenge for COVID-19 antibody tests considering there are six other coronaviruses known to infect humans. SARS-CoV is genetically related to SARS-CoV-2 sharing approximately 80% sequence identity and both belong to the species SARS related coronavirus in the genus Betacoronavirus of family Coronaviridae. We developed and compared the performance of four different serological tests to comprehensively assess the cross-reactivity between COVID-19 and SARS patient sera. There is significant cross-reactivity when N protein of either virus is used. The S1 or RBD regions from the spike (S) protein offers better specificity. Amongst the different platforms, capture ELISA performed best. We found that SARS survivors all have significant levels of antibodies remaining in their blood 17 years after infection. Anti-N antibodies waned more than anti-RBD antibodies, and the latter is known to play a more important role in providing protective immunity.
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These authors contributed equally in this study.
Supplemental data for this article can be accessed at https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1780951
ISSN:2222-1751
2222-1751
DOI:10.1080/22221751.2020.1780951