Mechanisms of Hepatitis B Virus Persistence

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 250 million people worldwide, resulting in nearly one million deaths annually. Studies in recent years have significantly improved our knowledge on the mechanisms of HBV persistence. HBV uses multiple pathways to harness host innate immunity to enhance its...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Trends in microbiology (Regular ed.) Vol. 26; no. 1; pp. 33 - 42
Main Authors: Tsai, Kuen-Nan, Kuo, Cheng-Fu, Ou, Jing-Hsiung James
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.01.2018
Elsevier Science Ltd
Subjects:
age and maternal effects
Age Factors
antigens
Child
Children
chronic hepatitis B
Chronic infection
Disease transmission
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology
HBV e antigen
Hepatitis
Hepatitis B
Hepatitis B e Antigens
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis B virus - genetics
Hepatitis B virus - immunology
Hepatitis B virus - pathogenicity
Hepatitis B virus - physiology
Hepatitis B, Chronic - therapy
Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology
Humans
Immune system
Immunity
Immunity, Innate
Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
Innate immunity
interferon immune responses
Intestinal microflora
intestinal microorganisms
Life Cycle Stages
Maternal Inheritance - immunology
Medical treatment
Microbiota
Offspring
people
vertical transmission
Viral infections
Viral Load
Viruses
chronic hepatitis B
vertical transmission
HBV e antigen
age and maternal effects
interferon immune responses
ISSN:0966-842X, 1878-4380, 1878-4380
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Hepatitis B virus (HBV) chronically infects 250 million people worldwide, resulting in nearly one million deaths annually. Studies in recent years have significantly improved our knowledge on the mechanisms of HBV persistence. HBV uses multiple pathways to harness host innate immunity to enhance its replication. It can also take advantage of the developing immune system and the not-yet-stabilized gut microbiota of young children to facilitate its persistence, and use maternal viral e antigen to educate immunity of the offspring to support its persistence after vertical transmission. The knowledge gained from these recent studies paves the way for the development of new therapies for the treatment of chronic HBV infection, which has so far been very challenging. HBV frequently causes chronic infection after vertical transmission but mostly self-limited acute infection after horizontal transmission. HBV harnesses type I interferon immune response to enhance its own replication. HBV persistence is affected by the age of infection, size of viral inoculum, and gut microbiota. Maternal HBeAg can train Kupffer cells of the offspring, likely in utero, to suppress HBV-specific CD8+ T cells in the presence of HBeAg after birth.
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ISSN:0966-842X
1878-4380
1878-4380
DOI:10.1016/j.tim.2017.07.006