Genetic and pathogenic potential of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 viruses from live bird markets in Egypt in avian and mammalian models

Since its first isolation from migratory birds in Egypt in 2016, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 has caused several outbreaks among domestic poultry in various areas of the country affecting poultry health and production systems. However, the genetic and biological properties of the H5...

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Veröffentlicht in:PloS one Jg. 19; H. 10; S. e0312134
Hauptverfasser: Moatasim, Yassmin, Aboulhoda, Basma Emad, Gomaa, Mokhtar, El Taweel, Ahmed, Kutkat, Omnia, Kamel, Mina Nabil, El Sayes, Mohamed, GabAllah, Mohamed, Elkhrsawy, Amany, AbdAllah, Hend, Kandeil, Ahmed, Ali, Mohamed Ahmed, Kayali, Ghazi, El-Shesheny, Rabeh
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States Public Library of Science 29.10.2024
Schlagworte:
Addition polymerization
Amino acids
Animals
Antibiotics
Avian flu
Avian influenza
Biological properties
Biology and Life Sciences
Bird migration
Birds
Birds - virology
Chickens
Chickens - virology
Disease transmission
Disseminated infection
Distribution
Dogs
Eggs
Egypt - epidemiology
Evolutionary genetics
Experiments
Gene sequencing
Genetic analysis
Genetic aspects
Genetic markers
Genetic testing
Genomes
Growth kinetics
Hamsters
Hemagglutinins
In vivo methods and tests
Infections
Influenza
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - genetics
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - isolation & purification
Influenza A Virus, H5N8 Subtype - pathogenicity
Influenza in Birds - epidemiology
Influenza in Birds - virology
Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
Mammalian cells
Mammals
Medicine and Health Sciences
Methods
Mice
Migratory birds
Pathogenicity
Pathogens
People and Places
Phylogenetics
Phylogeny
Poultry
Poultry - virology
Poultry Diseases - epidemiology
Poultry Diseases - virology
Risk factors
RNA viruses
Sentinel health events
Surveillance
Virulence
Virulence - genetics
Viruses
Whole genome sequencing
Zoonoses
Egypt
United Arab Emirates
United States > US
China
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
Online-Zugang:Volltext
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Zusammenfassung:Since its first isolation from migratory birds in Egypt in 2016, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N8 has caused several outbreaks among domestic poultry in various areas of the country affecting poultry health and production systems. However, the genetic and biological properties of the H5N8 HPAI viruses have not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to monitor the evolution of circulating H5N8 viruses and identify the pathogenicity and mammalian adaptation in vitro and in vivo . Three H5N8 HPAI viruses were used in this study and were isolated in 2021–2022 from poultry and wild birds during our routine surveillance. RNA extracts were subjected to full genome sequencing. Genetic, phylogenetic, and antigenic analyses were performed to assess viral characteristics and similarities to previously isolated viruses. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the hemagglutinin genes of the three isolates belonged to clade 2.3.4.4b and grouped with the 2019 viruses from G3 with high similarity to Russian and European lineages. Multiple basic amino acids were observed at cleavage sites in the hemagglutinin proteins of the H5N8 isolates, indicating high pathogenicity. In addition, several mutations associated with increased virulence and polymerase activity in mammals were observed. Growth kinetics assays showed that the H5N8 isolate is capable of replicating efficiently in mammalian cells lines. In vivo studies were conducted in SPF chickens (White Leghorn), mice, and hamsters to compare the virological characteristics of the 2022 H5N8 isolates with previous H5N8 viruses isolated in 2016 from the first introduction. The H5N8 viruses caused lethal infection in all tested chickens and transmitted by direct contact. However, we showed that the 2016 H5N8 virus causes a higher mortality in chickens compared to 2022 H5N8 virus. Moreover, the 2022 virus can replicate efficiently in hamsters and mice without preadaptation causing systemic infection. These findings underscore the need for continued surveillance of H5 viruses to identify circulating strains, determine the commercial vaccine’s effectiveness, and identify zoonotic potential.
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0312134