Identifying Live Bird Markets with the Potential to Act as Reservoirs of Avian Influenza A (H5N1) Virus: A Survey in Northern Viet Nam and Cambodia

Wet markets are common in many parts of the world and may promote the emergence, spread and maintenance of livestock pathogens, including zoonoses. A survey was conducted in order to assess the potential of Vietnamese and Cambodian live bird markets (LBMs) to sustain circulation of highly pathogenic...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:PloS one Vol. 7; no. 6; p. e37986
Main Authors: Fournié, Guillaume, Guitian, Javier, Desvaux, Stéphanie, Mangtani, Punam, Ly, Sowath, Cong, Vu Chi, San, Sorn, Dung, Do Huu, Holl, Davun, Pfeiffer, Dirk U., Vong, Sirenda, Ghani, Azra C.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 04.06.2012
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:
Agriculture
Animal biology
Animals
Avian flu
Avian influenza
Avian influenza viruses
Biology
Birds
Birds - virology
Cambodia
Cambodia - epidemiology
Chickens
Cluster analysis
Commerce
Data Collection
Disease Reservoirs
Disease Reservoirs - veterinary
Disease Reservoirs - virology
Disease transmission
Epidemics
Geography
Humans
Influenza
Influenza A
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype
Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - physiology
Influenza in Birds
Influenza in Birds - epidemiology
Influenza in Birds - virology
Life Sciences
Livestock
Markets
Mathematics
Medicine
Multivariate Analysis
Pandemics
Population density
Poultry
Poultry - virology
Poultry production
Reservoirs
Risk analysis
Risk factors
Typology
Veterinary medicine and animal Health
Veterinary Science
Vietnam
Vietnam - epidemiology
Viruses
Zoonoses
Cambodia
Vietnam
ISSN:1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Summary:Wet markets are common in many parts of the world and may promote the emergence, spread and maintenance of livestock pathogens, including zoonoses. A survey was conducted in order to assess the potential of Vietnamese and Cambodian live bird markets (LBMs) to sustain circulation of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 (HPAIV H5N1). Thirty Vietnamese and 8 Cambodian LBMs were visited, and structured interviews were conducted with the market managers and 561 Vietnamese and 84 Cambodian traders. Multivariate and cluster analysis were used to construct a typology of traders based on their poultry management practices. As a result of those practices and large poultry surplus (unsold poultry reoffered for sale the following day), some poultry traders were shown to promote conditions favorable for perpetuating HPAIV H5N1 in LBMs. More than 80% of these traders operated in LBMs located in the most densely populated areas, Ha Noi and Phnom Penh. The profiles of sellers operating at a given LBM could be reliably predicted using basic information about the location and type of market. Consequently, LBMs with the largest combination of risk factors for becoming virus reservoirs could be easily identified, potentially allowing control strategies to be appropriately targeted. These findings are of particular relevance to resource-scarce settings with extensively developed LBM systems, commonly found in South-East Asia.
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PMCID: PMC3366999
Conceived and designed the experiments: GF JG SD PM SL VCC SS DHD DH DUP SV ACG. Performed the experiments: GF SD LS SV. Analyzed the data: GF. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AG JG PM. Wrote the paper: GF.
ISSN:1932-6203
1932-6203
DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0037986