The Antiviral RNAi Response in Vector and Non-vector Cells against Orthobunyaviruses

Vector arthropods control arbovirus replication and spread through antiviral innate immune responses including RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. Arbovirus infections have been shown to induce the exogenous small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathways, but direct antiviral...

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Published in:PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 11; no. 1; p. e0005272
Main Authors: Dietrich, Isabelle, Shi, Xiaohong, McFarlane, Melanie, Watson, Mick, Blomström, Anne-Lie, Skelton, Jessica K., Kohl, Alain, Elliott, Richard M., Schnettler, Esther
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Public Library of Science 06.01.2017
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Subjects:
Aedes - genetics
Aedes - immunology
Aedes - virology
Analysis
Animals
Aquatic insects
Biology and life sciences
Bunyaviruses
Ceratopogonidae - genetics
Ceratopogonidae - immunology
Ceratopogonidae - virology
Colleges & universities
Councils
Genomes
Infections
Medicine and Health Sciences
Mosquitoes
Orthobunyavirus - physiology
Proteins
Public health
Research and analysis methods
RNA Interference
RNA polymerase
RNA, Small Interfering - genetics
RNA, Small Interfering - immunology
Tropical diseases
Tropism
Virology
Virus-vector relationships
Viruses
Glasgow Scotland
Scotland
Edinburgh Scotland
United Kingdom > UK
ISSN:1935-2735, 1935-2727, 1935-2735
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Vector arthropods control arbovirus replication and spread through antiviral innate immune responses including RNA interference (RNAi) pathways. Arbovirus infections have been shown to induce the exogenous small interfering RNA (siRNA) and Piwi-interacting RNA (piRNA) pathways, but direct antiviral activity by these host responses in mosquito cells has only been demonstrated against a limited number of positive-strand RNA arboviruses. For bunyaviruses in general, the relative contribution of small RNA pathways in antiviral defences is unknown. The genus Orthobunyavirus in the Bunyaviridae family harbours a diverse range of mosquito-, midge- and tick-borne arboviruses. We hypothesized that differences in the antiviral RNAi response in vector versus non-vector cells may exist and that could influence viral host range. Using Aedes aegypti-derived mosquito cells, mosquito-borne orthobunyaviruses and midge-borne orthobunyaviruses we showed that bunyavirus infection commonly induced the production of small RNAs and the effects of the small RNA pathways on individual viruses differ in specific vector-arbovirus interactions. These findings have important implications for our understanding of antiviral RNAi pathways and orthobunyavirus-vector interactions and tropism.
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Current address: Nuffield Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
Current address: BNITM, Hamburg, Germany
Current address: Section of Virology, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St Mary's Hospital, London, United Kingdom
Conceptualization: ID ES RME XS ALB AK.Data curation: MW ES AK.Formal analysis: ID MM MW ALB XS ES.Investigation: ID XS MM ALB JKS MW.Methodology: ID ES RME AK XS ALB MW.Project administration: ES AK.Resources: MW.Software: MW.Supervision: ES RME AK.Validation: ID XS JKS ALB MM.Visualization: ID XS ALB MM MW ES.Writing – original draft: ID AK ES.Writing – review & editing: ID XS MM MW ALB AK RME ES.
Current address: Section of Virology, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:1935-2735
1935-2727
1935-2735
DOI:10.1371/journal.pntd.0005272