Cytokines: From Clinical Significance to Quantification

Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory responses via complex networks and serve as biomarkers for many diseases. Quantification of cytokines has significant value in both clinical medicine and biology as the levels provide insights into physiological and p...

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Vydáno v:Advanced science Ročník 8; číslo 15; s. e2004433 - n/a
Hlavní autoři: Liu, Chao, Chu, Dewei, Kalantar‐Zadeh, Kourosh, George, Jacob, Young, Howard A., Liu, Guozhen
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Germany John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.08.2021
John Wiley and Sons Inc
Wiley
Témata:
Biomarkers - blood
Biosensors
Clinical significance
Coronaviruses
Cytokine storm
cytokines
Cytokines - analysis
Cytokines - blood
Cytokines - pharmacology
Disease
Gene expression
Humans
Immune system
in vitro and in vivo assays
Inflammation
quantification
Real time
Review
Reviews
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
biosensors
cytokines
quantification
in vitro and in vivo assays
clinical significance
ISSN:2198-3844, 2198-3844
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Shrnutí:Cytokines are critical mediators that oversee and regulate immune and inflammatory responses via complex networks and serve as biomarkers for many diseases. Quantification of cytokines has significant value in both clinical medicine and biology as the levels provide insights into physiological and pathological processes and can be used to aid diagnosis and treatment. Cytokines and their clinical significance are introduced from the perspective of their pro‐ and anti‐inflammatory effects. Factors affecting cytokines quantification in biological fluids, native levels in different body fluids, sample processing and storage conditions, sensitivity to freeze‐thaw, and soluble cytokine receptors are discussed. In addition, recent advances in in vitro and in vivo assays, biosensors based on different signal outputs and intracellular to extracellular protein expression are summarized. Various quantification platforms for high‐sensitivity and reliable measurement of cytokines in different scenarios are discussed, and commercially available cytokine assays are compared. A discussion of challenges in the development and advancement of technologies for cytokine quantification that aim to achieve real‐time multiplex cytokine analysis for point‐of‐care situations applicable for both biomedical research and clinical practice are discussed. Cytokines are important cellular signaling molecules and immune system mediators. Abnormal cytokine levels may cause cytokine storm and diseases. Consequently, quantification of cytokines is valuable for diseases diagnosisand therapy. The clinical significance of cytokines, factors affecting cytokine quantification, and advances of cytokine detection are summarized, providing a prospective for real‐time quantification of multiplex cytokines in the clinic.
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ISSN:2198-3844
2198-3844
DOI:10.1002/advs.202004433