A low-gluten diet induces changes in the intestinal microbiome of healthy Danish adults

Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60...

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Published in:Nature communications Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 4630 - 13
Main Authors: Hansen, Lea B. S., Roager, Henrik M., Søndertoft, Nadja B., Gøbel, Rikke J., Kristensen, Mette, Vallès-Colomer, Mireia, Vieira-Silva, Sara, Ibrügger, Sabine, Lind, Mads V., Mærkedahl, Rasmus B., Bahl, Martin I., Madsen, Mia L., Havelund, Jesper, Falony, Gwen, Tetens, Inge, Nielsen, Trine, Allin, Kristine H., Frandsen, Henrik L., Hartmann, Bolette, Holst, Jens Juul, Sparholt, Morten H., Holck, Jesper, Blennow, Andreas, Moll, Janne Marie, Meyer, Anne S., Hoppe, Camilla, Poulsen, Jørgen H., Carvalho, Vera, Sagnelli, Domenico, Dalgaard, Marlene D., Christensen, Anders F., Lydolph, Magnus Christian, Ross, Alastair B., Villas-Bôas, Silas, Brix, Susanne, Sicheritz-Pontén, Thomas, Buschard, Karsten, Linneberg, Allan, Rumessen, Jüri J., Ekstrøm, Claus T., Ritz, Christian, Kristiansen, Karsten, Nielsen, H. Bjørn, Vestergaard, Henrik, Færgeman, Nils J., Raes, Jeroen, Frøkiær, Hanne, Hansen, Torben, Lauritzen, Lotte, Gupta, Ramneek, Licht, Tine Rask, Pedersen, Oluf
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 13.11.2018
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
101/58
45/22
45/23
45/77
631/326/2565/2134
631/443/319
692/4020
Adult
Adults
Aged
Barley
Body Mass Index
Cereals
Creatinine - urine
Cross-Over Studies
Crossovers
Cytokines - blood
Denmark
Diet
Dietary fiber
DNA, Bacterial - analysis
Exhalation
Fasting
Feces - microbiology
Female
Fermentation
Fibers
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - genetics
Gluten
Glutens - administration & dosage
Glutens - adverse effects
Humanities and Social Sciences
Humans
Hydrogen
Intestine
Intestines - microbiology
Male
Metabolomics
Metagenomics
Microbiomes
Middle Aged
multidisciplinary
Nutrient deficiency
Postprandial Period
Rye
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Self Report
Wheat
Young Adult
Denmark
ISSN:2041-1723, 2041-1723
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Adherence to a low-gluten diet has become increasingly common in parts of the general population. However, the effects of reducing gluten-rich food items including wheat, barley and rye cereals in healthy adults are unclear. Here, we undertook a randomised, controlled, cross-over trial involving 60 middle-aged Danish adults without known disorders with two 8-week interventions comparing a low-gluten diet (2 g gluten per day) and a high-gluten diet (18 g gluten per day), separated by a washout period of at least six weeks with habitual diet (12 g gluten per day). We find that, in comparison with a high-gluten diet, a low-gluten diet induces moderate changes in the intestinal microbiome, reduces fasting and postprandial hydrogen exhalation, and leads to improvements in self-reported bloating. These observations suggest that most of the effects of a low-gluten diet in non-coeliac adults may be driven by qualitative changes in dietary fibres. Gluten-free diets are increasingly common in the general population. Here, the authors report the results of a randomised cross-over trial involving middle-aged, healthy Danish adults, showing evidence that a low-gluten diet leads to gut microbiome changes, possibly due to variations in dietary fibres.
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ISSN:2041-1723
2041-1723
DOI:10.1038/s41467-018-07019-x