Increased respiratory morbidity associated with exposure to a mature volcanic plume from a large Icelandic fissure eruption
The 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a...
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| Published in: | Nature communications Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 2161 - 12 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
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Nature Publishing Group UK
12.04.2021
Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio |
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| ISSN: | 2041-1723, 2041-1723 |
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| Abstract | The 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO
2
) to sulphate PM (SO
4
2−
) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO
2
/SO
4
2−
ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not. Here, we show that exposure to the mature plume is associated with an increase in register-measured health care utilisation for respiratory disease by 23% (95% CI 19.7–27.4%) and for asthma medication dispensing by 19.3% (95% CI 9.6–29.1%). Absence of public advisories is associated with increases in visits to primary care medical doctors and to the hospital emergency department. We recommend that operational response to volcanic air pollution considers both primitive and mature types of plumes.
Large fissure eruptions can cause air pollution events when the volcanic plume returns to the same area after the initial advisory has been lifted. Here, the authors show that these events had a significant impact on health care usage in Iceland, and the impact was exacerbated when advisories were not issued successfully. |
|---|---|
| AbstractList | The 2014-15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO
) to sulphate PM (SO
) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO
/SO
ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not. Here, we show that exposure to the mature plume is associated with an increase in register-measured health care utilisation for respiratory disease by 23% (95% CI 19.7-27.4%) and for asthma medication dispensing by 19.3% (95% CI 9.6-29.1%). Absence of public advisories is associated with increases in visits to primary care medical doctors and to the hospital emergency department. We recommend that operational response to volcanic air pollution considers both primitive and mature types of plumes. The 2014-15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO2) to sulphate PM (SO42-) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO2/SO42- ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not. Here, we show that exposure to the mature plume is associated with an increase in register-measured health care utilisation for respiratory disease by 23% (95% CI 19.7-27.4%) and for asthma medication dispensing by 19.3% (95% CI 9.6-29.1%). Absence of public advisories is associated with increases in visits to primary care medical doctors and to the hospital emergency department. We recommend that operational response to volcanic air pollution considers both primitive and mature types of plumes. The 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO 2 ) to sulphate PM (SO 4 2− ) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO 2 /SO 4 2− ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not. Here, we show that exposure to the mature plume is associated with an increase in register-measured health care utilisation for respiratory disease by 23% (95% CI 19.7–27.4%) and for asthma medication dispensing by 19.3% (95% CI 9.6–29.1%). Absence of public advisories is associated with increases in visits to primary care medical doctors and to the hospital emergency department. We recommend that operational response to volcanic air pollution considers both primitive and mature types of plumes. The 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO2) to sulphate PM (SO42−) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO2/SO42− ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not. Here, we show that exposure to the mature plume is associated with an increase in register-measured health care utilisation for respiratory disease by 23% (95% CI 19.7–27.4%) and for asthma medication dispensing by 19.3% (95% CI 9.6–29.1%). Absence of public advisories is associated with increases in visits to primary care medical doctors and to the hospital emergency department. We recommend that operational response to volcanic air pollution considers both primitive and mature types of plumes. Large fissure eruptions can cause air pollution events when the volcanic plume returns to the same area after the initial advisory has been lifted. Here, the authors show that these events had a significant impact on health care usage in Iceland, and the impact was exacerbated when advisories were not issued successfully. The 2014-15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO2) to sulphate PM (SO42-) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO2/SO42- ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not. Here, we show that exposure to the mature plume is associated with an increase in register-measured health care utilisation for respiratory disease by 23% (95% CI 19.7-27.4%) and for asthma medication dispensing by 19.3% (95% CI 9.6-29.1%). Absence of public advisories is associated with increases in visits to primary care medical doctors and to the hospital emergency department. We recommend that operational response to volcanic air pollution considers both primitive and mature types of plumes.The 2014-15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO2) to sulphate PM (SO42-) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO2/SO42- ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not. Here, we show that exposure to the mature plume is associated with an increase in register-measured health care utilisation for respiratory disease by 23% (95% CI 19.7-27.4%) and for asthma medication dispensing by 19.3% (95% CI 9.6-29.1%). Absence of public advisories is associated with increases in visits to primary care medical doctors and to the hospital emergency department. We recommend that operational response to volcanic air pollution considers both primitive and mature types of plumes. Large fissure eruptions can cause air pollution events when the volcanic plume returns to the same area after the initial advisory has been lifted. Here, the authors show that these events had a significant impact on health care usage in Iceland, and the impact was exacerbated when advisories were not issued successfully. The 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO 2 ) to sulphate PM (SO 4 2− ) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO 2 /SO 4 2− ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not. Here, we show that exposure to the mature plume is associated with an increase in register-measured health care utilisation for respiratory disease by 23% (95% CI 19.7–27.4%) and for asthma medication dispensing by 19.3% (95% CI 9.6–29.1%). Absence of public advisories is associated with increases in visits to primary care medical doctors and to the hospital emergency department. We recommend that operational response to volcanic air pollution considers both primitive and mature types of plumes. Large fissure eruptions can cause air pollution events when the volcanic plume returns to the same area after the initial advisory has been lifted. Here, the authors show that these events had a significant impact on health care usage in Iceland, and the impact was exacerbated when advisories were not issued successfully. |
| ArticleNumber | 2161 |
| Author | Aspelund, Thor Dominici, Francesca Gudnason, Thorolfur Thorsteinsson, Throstur Pfeffer, Melissa Anne Briem, Haraldur Baxter, Peter J. Gislason, Thorarinn Jóhannsson, Thorsteinn Barsotti, Sara Schmidt, Anja Carlsen, Hanne Krage Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur Ilyinskaya, Evgenia Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Hanne Krage orcidid: 0000-0003-1656-9624 surname: Carlsen fullname: Carlsen, Hanne Krage email: hanne.krage.carlsen@amm.gu.se organization: Environment and Natural Resources, University of Iceland, Section of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg – sequence: 2 givenname: Evgenia orcidid: 0000-0002-3663-9506 surname: Ilyinskaya fullname: Ilyinskaya, Evgenia email: e.ilyinskaya@leeds.ac.uk organization: School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds – sequence: 3 givenname: Peter J. surname: Baxter fullname: Baxter, Peter J. organization: Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine – sequence: 4 givenname: Anja orcidid: 0000-0001-8759-2843 surname: Schmidt fullname: Schmidt, Anja organization: Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge – sequence: 5 givenname: Throstur orcidid: 0000-0001-5964-866X surname: Thorsteinsson fullname: Thorsteinsson, Throstur organization: Environment and Natural Resources, University of Iceland – sequence: 6 givenname: Melissa Anne surname: Pfeffer fullname: Pfeffer, Melissa Anne organization: Icelandic Meteorological Office – sequence: 7 givenname: Sara surname: Barsotti fullname: Barsotti, Sara organization: Icelandic Meteorological Office – sequence: 8 givenname: Francesca surname: Dominici fullname: Dominici, Francesca organization: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health – sequence: 9 givenname: Ragnhildur Gudrun orcidid: 0000-0003-0340-4521 surname: Finnbjornsdottir fullname: Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun organization: The Environment Agency of Iceland – sequence: 10 givenname: Thorsteinn surname: Jóhannsson fullname: Jóhannsson, Thorsteinn organization: The Environment Agency of Iceland – sequence: 11 givenname: Thor orcidid: 0000-0002-7998-5433 surname: Aspelund fullname: Aspelund, Thor organization: School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland – sequence: 12 givenname: Thorarinn surname: Gislason fullname: Gislason, Thorarinn organization: School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Landspitali – the National University Hospital – sequence: 13 givenname: Unnur orcidid: 0000-0001-5382-946X surname: Valdimarsdóttir fullname: Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur organization: Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Centre of Public Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet – sequence: 14 givenname: Haraldur surname: Briem fullname: Briem, Haraldur organization: Chief Epidemiologist, Directorate of Health, Centre for Health Threats and Communicable Diseases – sequence: 15 givenname: Thorolfur surname: Gudnason fullname: Gudnason, Thorolfur organization: Chief Epidemiologist, Directorate of Health, Centre for Health Threats and Communicable Diseases |
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| PublicationDate | 2021-04-12 |
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| Snippet | The 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into... The 2014-15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into... Large fissure eruptions can cause air pollution events when the volcanic plume returns to the same area after the initial advisory has been lifted. Here, the... |
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| Title | Increased respiratory morbidity associated with exposure to a mature volcanic plume from a large Icelandic fissure eruption |
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