Increased respiratory morbidity associated with exposure to a mature volcanic plume from a large Icelandic fissure eruption

The 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a...

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Vydáno v:	Nature communications Ročník 12; číslo 1; s. 2161 - 12
Hlavní autoři:	Carlsen, Hanne Krage, Ilyinskaya, Evgenia, Baxter, Peter J., Schmidt, Anja, Thorsteinsson, Throstur, Pfeffer, Melissa Anne, Barsotti, Sara, Dominici, Francesca, Finnbjornsdottir, Ragnhildur Gudrun, Jóhannsson, Thorsteinn, Aspelund, Thor, Gislason, Thorarinn, Valdimarsdóttir, Unnur, Briem, Haraldur, Gudnason, Thorolfur
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 12.04.2021 Nature Publishing Group Nature Portfolio
Témata:	692/700/478/174 704/172/4081 704/2151/598 704/4111 Adult Advection adverse effects Air Pollutants Air Pollutants - analysis Air Pollution Air Pollution - analysis analysis Asthma Asthma - drug therapy Delivery of Health Care drug therapy Emergency medical care Emergency medical services Emergency procedures Emergency response Emergency Service Emergency Service, Hospital Environmental Exposure Environmental Exposure - adverse effects epidemiology Eruptions Exposure Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa och socialmedicin Health care Hospital Humanities and Social Sciences Humans Iceland Iceland - epidemiology Morbidity multidisciplinary Particulate emissions Particulate matter Physicians Physicians, Primary Care Plumes Primary Care Public Health Public Health, Global Health and Social Medicine Regression Analysis Respiratory diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases Respiratory Tract Diseases - epidemiology Risk Science Science (multidisciplinary) Self Report Sulfur Sulfur Dioxide Sulfur Dioxide - analysis Surveys and Questionnaires Troposphere Volcanic Eruptions Volcanic Eruptions - adverse effects Iceland
ISSN:	2041-1723, 2041-1723
On-line přístup:	Získat plný text
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Shrnutí:	The 2014–15 Holuhraun eruption in Iceland was the largest fissure eruption in over 200 years, emitting prodigious amounts of gas and particulate matter into the troposphere. Reykjavík, the capital area of Iceland (250 km from eruption site) was exposed to air pollution events from advection of (i) a relatively young and chemically primitive volcanic plume with a high sulphur dioxide gas (SO 2 ) to sulphate PM (SO 4 2− ) ratio, and (ii) an older and chemically mature volcanic plume with a low SO 2 /SO 4 2− ratio. Whereas the advection and air pollution caused by the primitive plume were successfully forecast and forewarned in public advisories, the mature plume was not. Here, we show that exposure to the mature plume is associated with an increase in register-measured health care utilisation for respiratory disease by 23% (95% CI 19.7–27.4%) and for asthma medication dispensing by 19.3% (95% CI 9.6–29.1%). Absence of public advisories is associated with increases in visits to primary care medical doctors and to the hospital emergency department. We recommend that operational response to volcanic air pollution considers both primitive and mature types of plumes. Large fissure eruptions can cause air pollution events when the volcanic plume returns to the same area after the initial advisory has been lifted. Here, the authors show that these events had a significant impact on health care usage in Iceland, and the impact was exacerbated when advisories were not issued successfully.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23
ISSN:	2041-1723 2041-1723
DOI:	10.1038/s41467-021-22432-5