Predictive Coding Over the Lifespan: Increased Reliance on Perceptual Priors in Older Adults—A Magnetoencephalography and Dynamic Causal Modeling Study

Aging is accompanied by unisensory decline. To compensate for this, two complementary strategies are potentially relied upon increasingly: first, older adults integrate more information from different sensory organs. Second, according to the predictive coding (PC) model, we form “templates” (interna...

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Vydáno v:Frontiers in aging neuroscience Ročník 13; s. 631599
Hlavní autoři: Chan, Jason S., Wibral, Michael, Stawowsky, Cerisa, Brandl, Mareike, Helbling, Saskia, Naumer, Marcus J., Kaiser, Jochen, Wollstadt, Patricia
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: Switzerland Frontiers Research Foundation 09.04.2021
Frontiers Media S.A
Témata:
Age
Aging
Coding theory
Cross-modal
dynamic causal modeling
Entropy
Experiments
Influence
Information processing
Life span
Magnetoencephalography
multisensory integration
Neuroscience
Older people
Perceptions
Sense organs
Sensorimotor integration
Sensory integration
sound-induced flash illusion
transfer entropy
Young adults
beta-band activity
predictive coding
transfer entropy
multisensory integration
aging
sound-induced flash illusion
dynamic causal modeling
magnetoencephalography
ISSN:1663-4365, 1663-4365
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Shrnutí:Aging is accompanied by unisensory decline. To compensate for this, two complementary strategies are potentially relied upon increasingly: first, older adults integrate more information from different sensory organs. Second, according to the predictive coding (PC) model, we form “templates” (internal models or “priors”) of the environment through our experiences. It is through increased life experience that older adults may rely more on these templates compared to younger adults. Multisensory integration and predictive coding would be effective strategies for the perception of near-threshold stimuli, which may however come at the cost of integrating irrelevant information. Both strategies can be studied in multisensory illusions because these require the integration of different sensory information, as well as an internal model of the world that can take precedence over sensory input. Here, we elicited a classic multisensory illusion, the sound-induced flash illusion, in younger (mean: 27 years, N = 25) and older (mean: 67 years, N = 28) adult participants while recording the magnetoencephalogram. Older adults perceived more illusions than younger adults. Older adults had increased pre-stimulus beta-band activity compared to younger adults as predicted by microcircuit theories of predictive coding, which suggest priors and predictions are linked to beta-band activity. Transfer entropy analysis and dynamic causal modeling of pre-stimulus magnetoencephalography data revealed a stronger illusion-related modulation of cross-modal connectivity from auditory to visual cortices in older compared to younger adults. We interpret this as the neural correlate of increased reliance on a cross-modal predictive template in older adults leading to the illusory percept.
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Reviewed by: Julian Keil, University of Kiel, Germany; Daniel Senkowski, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany
These authors have contributed equally to this work
Edited by: Yang Jiang, University of Kentucky, United States
ISSN:1663-4365
1663-4365
DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2021.631599