The innate immune system in demyelinating disease

Demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis are chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases with a heterogeneous clinical presentation and course. Both the adaptive and the innate immune systems have been suggested to contribute to their pathogenesis and recovery. In this review, we discuss the r...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunological reviews Vol. 248; no. 1; pp. 170 - 187
Main Authors: Mayo, Lior, Quintana, Francisco J., Weiner, Howard L.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2012
Subjects:
Adaptive Immunity
Animals
astrocyte
Astrocytes
Astrocytes - immunology
Astrocytes - metabolism
Autoimmune diseases
B-Lymphocytes - immunology
B-Lymphocytes - metabolism
Blood-Brain Barrier - immunology
Blood-Brain Barrier - metabolism
central nervous system
Demyelinating diseases
Demyelinating Diseases - immunology
Demyelinating Diseases - metabolism
Demyelination
Dendritic cells
Humans
Immune system
Immunity, Innate
Inflammation
Inflammatory diseases
innate immunity
Killer Cells, Natural - immunology
Killer Cells, Natural - metabolism
Lymphocytes T
Mast cells
Mast Cells - immunology
Mast Cells - metabolism
Microglial cells
Mononuclear Phagocyte System - immunology
Mononuclear Phagocyte System - metabolism
Multiple sclerosis
Natural killer cells
Reviews
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - immunology
T-Lymphocyte Subsets - metabolism
ISSN:0105-2896, 1600-065X, 1600-065X
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis are chronic inflammatory autoimmune diseases with a heterogeneous clinical presentation and course. Both the adaptive and the innate immune systems have been suggested to contribute to their pathogenesis and recovery. In this review, we discuss the role of the innate immune system in mediating demyelinating diseases. In particular, we provide an overview of the anti‐inflammatory or pro‐inflammatory functions of dendritic cells, mast cells, natural killer (NK) cells, NK‐T cells, γδ T cells, microglial cells, and astrocytes. We emphasize the interaction of astroctyes with the immune system and how this interaction relates to the demyelinating pathologies. Given the pivotal role of the innate immune system, it is possible that targeting these cells may provide an effective therapeutic approach for demyelinating diseases.
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ISSN:0105-2896
1600-065X
1600-065X
DOI:10.1111/j.1600-065X.2012.01135.x