Omega-3 Fatty Acids Reduce Adipose Tissue Macrophages in Human Subjects With Insulin Resistance

Fish oils (FOs) have anti-inflammatory effects and lower serum triglycerides. This study examined adipose and muscle inflammatory markers after treatment of humans with FOs and measured the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on adipocytes and macrophages in vitro. Insulin-resistant, nondiabetic subjects wer...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Diabetes (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 62; no. 5; pp. 1709 - 1717
Main Authors: Spencer, Michael, Finlin, Brian S., Unal, Resat, Zhu, Beibei, Morris, Andrew J., Shipp, Lindsey R., Lee, Jonah, Walton, R. Grace, Adu, Akosua, Erfani, Rod, Campbell, Marilyn, McGehee, Robert E., Peterson, Charlotte A., Kern, Philip A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Alexandria, VA American Diabetes Association 01.05.2013
Subjects:
Abdominal Fat - blood supply
Abdominal Fat - immunology
Abdominal Fat - metabolism
Abdominal Fat - pathology
Adipocytes
Adipose tissue
Adipose tissues
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents - metabolism
Angiogenesis Inducing Agents - therapeutic use
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - metabolism
Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - therapeutic use
Biological and medical sciences
Biopsy
Blood vessels
Body fat
Body Mass Index
Capillaries - immunology
Capillaries - metabolism
Capillaries - pathology
Cells, Cultured
Chemokine CCL2 - blood
Chemokine CCL2 - genetics
Chemokine CCL2 - metabolism
Chronic illnesses
Coculture Techniques
Collagen
Cytokines
Diabetes
Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance
Dietary Supplements
Docosahexaenoic Acids
Down-Regulation
Drug Combinations
Eicosapentaenoic Acid
Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)
Endocrinopathies
Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance
Fatty acids
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - metabolism
Fatty Acids, Omega-3 - therapeutic use
Female
Fish oils
Fish Oils - therapeutic use
Genetic aspects
Glucose
Human subjects
Humans
Inflammation
Insulin Resistance
Macrophages
Macrophages - immunology
Macrophages - metabolism
Macrophages - pathology
Male
Medical sciences
Metabolic syndrome
Metabolic Syndrome - complications
Metabolic Syndrome - diet therapy
Metabolic Syndrome - immunology
Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism
Middle Aged
Muscles - immunology
Muscles - metabolism
Muscles - pathology
Obesity - complications
Omega 3 fatty acids
Original Research
Physiological aspects
Plasma
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Stains & staining
Triglycerides
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
United States
Endocrinopathy
Human
Adipose tissue
Diabetes mellitus
Polyunsaturated fatty acid
Lipids
Metabolic diseases
n-3 fatty acid
Fatty acids
Target tissue resistance
Unsaturated fatty acid
Insulin resistance
Macrophage
ISSN:0012-1797, 1939-327X, 1939-327X
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Summary:Fish oils (FOs) have anti-inflammatory effects and lower serum triglycerides. This study examined adipose and muscle inflammatory markers after treatment of humans with FOs and measured the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on adipocytes and macrophages in vitro. Insulin-resistant, nondiabetic subjects were treated with Omega-3-Acid Ethyl Esters (4 g/day) or placebo for 12 weeks. Plasma macrophage chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) levels were reduced by FO, but the levels of other cytokines were unchanged. The adipose (but not muscle) of FO-treated subjects demonstrated a decrease in macrophages, a decrease in MCP-1, and an increase in capillaries, and subjects with the most macrophages demonstrated the greatest response to treatment. Adipose and muscle ω-3 fatty acid content increased after treatment; however, there was no change in insulin sensitivity or adiponectin. In vitro, M1-polarized macrophages expressed high levels of MCP-1. The addition of ω-3 fatty acids reduced MCP-1 expression with no effect on TNF-α. In addition, ω-3 fatty acids suppressed the upregulation of adipocyte MCP-1 that occurred when adipocytes were cocultured with macrophages. Thus, FO reduced adipose macrophages, increased capillaries, and reduced MCP-1 expression in insulin-resistant humans and in macrophages and adipocytes in vitro; however, there was no measureable effect on insulin sensitivity.
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ISSN:0012-1797
1939-327X
1939-327X
DOI:10.2337/db12-1042