Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s disease: insights from peripheral immune cells

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular dysfunction. The presence of chronic neuroinflammation, breaches in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and increased levels of i...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Immunity & ageing Vol. 21; no. 1; pp. 38 - 25
Main Authors: Zhang, Qiang, Yang, Guanhu, Luo, Yuan, Jiang, Lai, Chi, Hao, Tian, Gang
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London BioMed Central 14.06.2024
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
BMC
Subjects:
Advertising executives
Aging
Alzheimer's disease
Antibodies
B lymphocytes
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Blood vessels
Blood-brain barrier
Brain research
Cell death
Central nervous system
Clinical Nutrition
Cytokines
Dementia
Development and progression
Geriatrics/Gerontology
Health aspects
Health care
Immunology
Immunotherapy
Inflammation
Leukocytes (neutrophilic)
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes B
Lymphocytes T
Metabolism
Microglia
Monocytes
Natural killer cells
Neurodegenerative diseases
Neuroinflammation
Neurons
Neutrophils
NK cells
Parenchyma
Pathogenesis
Pathology
Patients
Proteins
Public Health
Review
Senile plaques
T lymphocytes
Tau protein
Therapeutic targets
β-Amyloid
United Kingdom
T lymphocytes
Neuroinflammation
NK cells
Alzheimer’s disease
B lymphocytes
Neutrophils
ISSN:1742-4933, 1742-4933
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a serious brain disorder characterized by the presence of beta-amyloid plaques, tau pathology, inflammation, neurodegeneration, and cerebrovascular dysfunction. The presence of chronic neuroinflammation, breaches in the blood-brain barrier (BBB), and increased levels of inflammatory mediators are central to the pathogenesis of AD. These factors promote the penetration of immune cells into the brain, potentially exacerbating clinical symptoms and neuronal death in AD patients. While microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS), play a crucial role in AD, recent evidence suggests the infiltration of cerebral vessels and parenchyma by peripheral immune cells, including neutrophils, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, NK cells, and monocytes in AD. These cells participate in the regulation of immunity and inflammation, which is expected to play a huge role in future immunotherapy. Given the crucial role of peripheral immune cells in AD, this article seeks to offer a comprehensive overview of their contributions to neuroinflammation in the disease. Understanding the role of these cells in the neuroinflammatory response is vital for developing new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets to enhance the diagnosis and treatment of AD patients.
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ISSN:1742-4933
1742-4933
DOI:10.1186/s12979-024-00445-0