Antimicrobial Efficacy and Synergy of Metal Ions against Enterococcus faecium, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii in Planktonic and Biofilm Phenotypes

The effects of metal ion solutions (silver, copper, platinum, gold and palladium) were determined individually and in combination against Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae . Platinum, gold and palladium showed the greatest antimicrobial efficacy in zone of inhib...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Scientific reports Vol. 7; no. 1; pp. 5911 - 9
Main Authors: Vaidya, Misha Y., McBain, Andrew J., Butler, Jonathan A., Banks, Craig E., Whitehead, Kathryn A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 19.07.2017
Nature Publishing Group
Nature Portfolio
Subjects:
631/326/22
631/326/41
631/326/47
Acinetobacter baumannii
Acinetobacter baumannii - drug effects
Anti-Infective Agents - pharmacology
Antimicrobial agents
Bacteria
Bactericidal activity
Biofilms
Biofilms - drug effects
Biofilms - growth & development
Copper
Enterococcus faecium
Enterococcus faecium - drug effects
Gold
Heavy metals
Humanities and Social Sciences
Ions
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Klebsiella pneumoniae - drug effects
Metal ions
Metals
Metals - pharmacology
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
multidisciplinary
Palladium
Phenotype
Plankton - drug effects
Platinum
Science
Science (multidisciplinary)
Silver
ISSN:2045-2322, 2045-2322
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:The effects of metal ion solutions (silver, copper, platinum, gold and palladium) were determined individually and in combination against Enterococcus faecium, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae . Platinum, gold and palladium showed the greatest antimicrobial efficacy in zone of inhibition (ZoI) assays. When tested in combinations using ZoI assays, gold/platinum, gold/palladium and platinum/palladium were indicative of synergy. Microbial inhibitory concentration demonstrated platinum and gold against Enterococcus faecium , platinum against Klebsiella pneumoniae and platinum and silver against Acinetobacter baumannii were optimal. Minimal bactericidal concentrations determined the greatest bactericidal activity was again platinum gold and palladium against all three bacteria. Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) studies demonstrated that the silver/platinum combination against Enterococcus faecium , and silver/copper combination against Acinetobacter baumannii demonstrated antimicrobial synergy. Following crystal violet biofilm assays for single metal ion solutions, antimicrobial efficacies were demonstrated for all the metals against all the bacteria Synergistic assays against biofilms demonstrated gold/palladium, gold/platinumand platinum/palladium resulted in the greatest antimicrobial efficacy. Overall, platinum, palladium and gold metal ion solutions in individual use or combination demonstrated the greatest antimicrobial efficacies against planktonic or biofilm bacteria. This work demonstrates the potential for using a range of metal ions, as biocidal formulations against both planktonic or biofilm bacteria.
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ISSN:2045-2322
2045-2322
DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-05976-9