Altered morphological dynamics of activated microglia after induction of status epilepticus

Background Microglia cells are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system and are considered its first line of defense. In the normal brain, their ramified processes are highly motile, constantly scanning the surrounding brain tissue and rapidly moving towards sites of acute injury or da...

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Vydáno v:Journal of neuroinflammation Ročník 12; číslo 1; s. 202
Hlavní autoři: Avignone, Elena, Lepleux, Marilyn, Angibaud, Julie, Nägerl, U. Valentin
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: London BioMed Central 04.11.2015
BioMed Central Ltd
Springer Nature B.V
Témata:
Analysis
Animals
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Care and treatment
Cell Movement
CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1
Dynamics
Epilepsy
Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists
Hippocampus - pathology
Immunology
In Vitro Techniques
Inflammation - pathology
Kainic Acid
Macrophage Activation - drug effects
Mice
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Microglia - pathology
Neurobiology
Neurology
Neurosciences
Purinergic P2Y Receptor Agonists - pharmacology
Receptors, Chemokine - genetics
Receptors, Purinergic P2Y12
Risk factors
Status Epilepticus - chemically induced
Status Epilepticus - pathology
Two-photon microscopy
Inflammation
Laser lesion
Microglial dynamics
Epilepsy
Microglia
ISSN:1742-2094, 1742-2094
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Shrnutí:Background Microglia cells are the resident macrophages of the central nervous system and are considered its first line of defense. In the normal brain, their ramified processes are highly motile, constantly scanning the surrounding brain tissue and rapidly moving towards sites of acute injury or danger signals. These microglial dynamics are thought to be critical for brain homeostasis. Under pathological conditions, microglial cells undergo “activation,” which modifies many of their molecular and morphological properties. Investigations of the effects of activation on motility are limited and have given mixed results. In particular, little is known about how microglial motility is altered in epilepsy, which is characterized by a strong inflammatory reaction and microglial activation. Methods We used a mouse model of status epilepticus induced by kainate injections and time-lapse two-photon microscopy to image GFP-labeled microglia in acute hippocampal brain slices. We studied how microglial activation affected the motility of microglial processes, including basal motility, and their responses to local triggering stimuli. Results Our study reveals that microglial motility was largely preserved in kainate-treated animals, despite clear signs of microglial activation. In addition, whereas the velocities of microglial processes during basal scanning and towards a laser lesion were unaltered 48 h after status epilepticus , we observed an increase in the size of the territory scanned by single microglial processes during basal motility and an elevated directional velocity towards a pipette containing a purinergic agonist. Conclusions Microglial activation differentially impacted the dynamic scanning behavior of microglia in response to specific acute noxious stimuli, which may be an important feature of the adaptive behavior of microglia during pathophysiological conditions.
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ISSN:1742-2094
1742-2094
DOI:10.1186/s12974-015-0421-6