Attentional bias to drug cues is elevated before and during temptations to use heroin and cocaine

Rationale Relapse is an important problem in substance dependence treatment. When drug users try to abstain from drug use, they often report strong temptations to use drugs. Temptation episodes have commonalities with relapse episodes, and assessment of temptation episodes may help to identify indiv...

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Veröffentlicht in:Psychopharmacologia Jg. 219; H. 3; S. 909 - 921
Hauptverfasser: Waters, Andrew J., Marhe, Reshmi, Franken, Ingmar H. A.
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.02.2012
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Schlagworte:
Adult
Anxiety
Attention
Behavior, Addictive - psychology
Biological and medical sciences
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Cocaine
Cocaine-Related Disorders - psychology
Cocaine-Related Disorders - therapy
Cognition
Cognition & reasoning
Cognitive ability
Computers
Computers, Handheld
Cues
Detoxification
Detoxification (Substance abuse treatment)
Drug abuse
Drug screening
Drug use
Emotions
Female
Hand-held computers
Hand-held terminals
Heroin
Heroin Dependence - psychology
Heroin Dependence - therapy
Humans
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Motivation
Neuropharmacology
Neurosciences
Original Investigation
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Pharmacology/Toxicology
Psychiatry
Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer
Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease)
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopharmacology
Ras protein
Substance Abuse Treatment Centers
Time Factors
Netherlands
Ecological momentary assessment
Attentional bias
Implicit cognition
Modified stroop
Temptation
Implicit association test
Drug
CNS stimulant
Psychotropic
Attention
Implicit Association Test Greenwald et al
Cognition
Ester
Stroop effect
Cocaine
Drug of abuse
Heroin
Cognitive bias
ISSN:0033-3158, 1432-2072, 1432-2072
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Zusammenfassung:Rationale Relapse is an important problem in substance dependence treatment. When drug users try to abstain from drug use, they often report strong temptations to use drugs. Temptation episodes have commonalities with relapse episodes, and assessment of temptation episodes may help to identify individuals at risk of relapse. Objectives This study aims to examine affect and cognition prior to and during temptation episodes by administering self-report and implicit cognitive assessments on a handheld computer (PDA) using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Methods Heroin-dependent patients ( N  = 68) attending a drug detoxification unit completed up to four random assessments (RAs) per day on a PDA for 1 week. They also completed an assessment when they experienced a temptation to use drugs (temptation assessment; TA). Results Participants completed 1,482 assessments (353 TAs, 1,129 RAs). The rate of TAs was maximal during the first 2 days. Participants reported higher levels of negative affect, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating, and more positive explicit attitudes to drugs, at TAs compared to RAs. In addition, they exhibited elevated attentional bias to drug cues (assessed using the modified Stroop task) at TAs compared to RAs. Implicit affective associations with drug cues (assessed using the Implicit Association Test) were not different at TAs compared to RAs. Attentional bias was elevated in the 1 h prior to the entry of a temptation episode. Conclusions Elevated attentional bias may be a harbinger of temptation episodes. Interventions that target cognitions prior to or during temptation episodes may reduce the probability or severity of a temptation episode.
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ISSN:0033-3158
1432-2072
1432-2072
DOI:10.1007/s00213-011-2424-z