Attentional bias to drug cues is elevated before and during temptations to use heroin and cocaine

Rationale Relapse is an important problem in substance dependence treatment. When drug users try to abstain from drug use, they often report strong temptations to use drugs. Temptation episodes have commonalities with relapse episodes, and assessment of temptation episodes may help to identify indiv...

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Vydané v:	Psychopharmacologia Ročník 219; číslo 3; s. 909 - 921
Hlavní autori:	Waters, Andrew J., Marhe, Reshmi, Franken, Ingmar H. A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.02.2012 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Predmet:	Adult Anxiety Attention Behavior, Addictive - psychology Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Cocaine Cocaine-Related Disorders - psychology Cocaine-Related Disorders - therapy Cognition Cognition & reasoning Cognitive ability Computers Computers, Handheld Cues Detoxification Detoxification (Substance abuse treatment) Drug abuse Drug screening Drug use Emotions Female Hand-held computers Hand-held terminals Heroin Heroin Dependence - psychology Heroin Dependence - therapy Humans Male Medical sciences Middle Aged Motivation Neuropharmacology Neurosciences Original Investigation Pharmacology. Drug treatments Pharmacology/Toxicology Psychiatry Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer Psychoanaleptics: cns stimulant, antidepressant agent, nootropic agent, mood stabilizer..., (alzheimer disease) Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychopharmacology Ras protein Substance Abuse Treatment Centers Time Factors Netherlands Ecological momentary assessment Attentional bias Implicit cognition Modified stroop Temptation Implicit association test Drug CNS stimulant Psychotropic Attention Implicit Association Test Greenwald et al Cognition Ester Stroop effect Cocaine Drug of abuse Heroin Cognitive bias
ISSN:	0033-3158, 1432-2072, 1432-2072
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Shrnutí:	Rationale Relapse is an important problem in substance dependence treatment. When drug users try to abstain from drug use, they often report strong temptations to use drugs. Temptation episodes have commonalities with relapse episodes, and assessment of temptation episodes may help to identify individuals at risk of relapse. Objectives This study aims to examine affect and cognition prior to and during temptation episodes by administering self-report and implicit cognitive assessments on a handheld computer (PDA) using Ecological Momentary Assessment. Methods Heroin-dependent patients ( N = 68) attending a drug detoxification unit completed up to four random assessments (RAs) per day on a PDA for 1 week. They also completed an assessment when they experienced a temptation to use drugs (temptation assessment; TA). Results Participants completed 1,482 assessments (353 TAs, 1,129 RAs). The rate of TAs was maximal during the first 2 days. Participants reported higher levels of negative affect, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating, and more positive explicit attitudes to drugs, at TAs compared to RAs. In addition, they exhibited elevated attentional bias to drug cues (assessed using the modified Stroop task) at TAs compared to RAs. Implicit affective associations with drug cues (assessed using the Implicit Association Test) were not different at TAs compared to RAs. Attentional bias was elevated in the 1 h prior to the entry of a temptation episode. Conclusions Elevated attentional bias may be a harbinger of temptation episodes. Interventions that target cognitions prior to or during temptation episodes may reduce the probability or severity of a temptation episode.
Bibliografia:	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
ISSN:	0033-3158 1432-2072 1432-2072
DOI:	10.1007/s00213-011-2424-z