Identifying objects impairs knowledge of other objects: A relearning explanation for the neural repetition effect

Different items in long-term knowledge are stored in the neocortex as partially overlapping representations that can be altered slightly with usage. This encoding scheme affords well-documented benefits, but potential costs have not been well explored. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imagi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Vol. 49; no. 2; pp. 1919 - 1932
Main Authors: Marsolek, Chad J., Deason, Rebecca G., Ketz, Nicholas A., Ramanathan, Pradeep, Bernat, Edward M., Steele, Vaughn R., Patrick, Christopher J., Verfaellie, Mieke, Schnyer, David M.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 15.01.2010
Elsevier Limited
Subjects:
Brain
Brain - physiology
Brain Mapping
Colleges & universities
Computer Simulation
Evoked Potentials
Executive Function - physiology
Experiments
Human subjects
Humans
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Medical imaging
Medical research
Memory
Models, Neurological
Neuropsychological Tests
Pattern Recognition, Visual - physiology
Perceptual Masking - physiology
Photic Stimulation
Piano
Recognition, Psychology - physiology
ISSN:1053-8119, 1095-9572, 1095-9572
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Different items in long-term knowledge are stored in the neocortex as partially overlapping representations that can be altered slightly with usage. This encoding scheme affords well-documented benefits, but potential costs have not been well explored. Here we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), neurocomputational modeling, and electrophysiological measures to show that strengthening some visual object representations not only enhances the subsequent ability to identify those (repeated) objects—an effect long known as repetition priming—but also impairs the ability to identify other (non-repeated) objects—a new effect labeled antipriming. As a result, the non-repeated objects elicit increased neural activity likely for the purpose of reestablishing their previously weakened representations. These results suggest a novel reevaluation of the ubiquitously observed repetition effect on neural activity, and they indicate that maintenance relearning may be a crucial aspect of preserving overlapping neural representations of visual objects in long-term memory.
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ISSN:1053-8119
1095-9572
1095-9572
DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.08.063