Computer algorithms for three-dimensional measurement of humeral anatomy: analysis of 140 paired humeri

In the presence of severe osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, or proximal humeral fracture, the contralateral humerus may serve as a template for the 3-dimensional (3D) preoperative planning of reconstructive surgery. The purpose of this study was to develop algorithms for performing 3D measurements of t...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery Vol. 25; no. 2; pp. e38 - e48
Main Authors: Vlachopoulos, Lazaros, Dünner, Celestine, Gass, Tobias, Graf, Matthias, Goksel, Orcun, Gerber, Christian, Székely, Gábor, Fürnstahl, Philipp
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.02.2016
Subjects:
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Algorithms
anatomy
bilateral
Cadaver
computer assisted
Female
Humans
humerus
Humerus - anatomy & histology
Humerus - diagnostic imaging
Imaging, Three-Dimensional
Male
Middle Aged
Orthopedics
Three-dimensional
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Young Adult
algorithms
Three-dimensional
humerus
Imaging
computer assisted
bilateral
Basic Science Study
Anatomy
anatomy
ISSN:1058-2746, 1532-6500
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:In the presence of severe osteoarthritis, osteonecrosis, or proximal humeral fracture, the contralateral humerus may serve as a template for the 3-dimensional (3D) preoperative planning of reconstructive surgery. The purpose of this study was to develop algorithms for performing 3D measurements of the humeral anatomy and further to assess side-to-side (bilateral) differences in humeral head retrotorsion, humeral head inclination, humeral length, and humeral head radius and height. The 3D models of 140 paired humeri (70 cadavers) were extracted from computed tomographic data. Geometric characteristics quantifying the humeral anatomy in 3D were determined in a semiautomatic fashion using the developed computer algorithms. The results between the sides were compared for evaluating bilateral differences. The mean bilateral difference of the humeral retrotorsion angle was 6.7° (standard deviation [SD], 5.7°; range, −15.1° to 24.0°; P = .063); the mean side difference of the humeral head inclination angle was 2.3° (SD, 1.8°; range, −5.1° to 8.4°; P = .12). The side difference in humeral length (mean, 2.9 mm; SD, 2.5 mm; range, −8.7 mm to 10.1 mm; P = .04) was significant. The mean side difference in the head sphere radius was 0.5 mm (SD, 0.6 mm; range, −3.2 mm to 2.2 mm; P = .76), and the mean side difference in humeral head height was 0.8 mm (SD, 0.6 mm; range, −2.4 mm to 2.4 mm; P = .44). The contralateral anatomy may serve as a reliable reconstruction template for humeral length, humeral head radius, and humeral head height if it is analyzed with 3D algorithms. In contrast, determining humeral head retrotorsion and humeral head inclination from the contralateral anatomy may be more prone to error.
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ISSN:1058-2746
1532-6500
DOI:10.1016/j.jse.2015.07.027