Presence of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) against SARS-CoV-2 in COVID-19 plasma

Neutralizing-antibody (nAb) is the major focus of most ongoing COVID-19 vaccine trials. However, nAb response against SARS-CoV-2, when present, decays rapidly. Given the myriad roles of antibodies in immune responses, it is possible that antibodies could also mediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 vi...

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Vydáno v:	PloS one Ročník 16; číslo 3; s. e0247640
Hlavní autoři:	Tso, For Yue, Lidenge, Salum J., Poppe, Lisa K., Peña, Phoebe B., Privatt, Sara R., Bennett, Sydney J., Ngowi, John R., Mwaiselage, Julius, Belshan, Michael, Siedlik, Jacob A., Raine, Morgan A., Ochoa, Juan B., Garcia-Diaz, Julia, Nossaman, Bobby, Buckner, Lyndsey, Roberts, W. Mark, Dean, Matthew J., Ochoa, Augusto C., West, John T., Wood, Charles
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	United States Public Library of Science 04.03.2021 Public Library of Science (PLoS)
Témata:	2-Mercaptoethanol Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Amino acids Antibodies Antibodies, Neutralizing - blood Antibodies, Neutralizing - immunology Antibodies, Viral - blood Antibodies, Viral - immunology Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity Biochemistry Biology and life sciences Blood plasma Cancer CD16 antigen Coronaviruses COVID-19 COVID-19 - blood COVID-19 - immunology Cytotoxicity Degranulation Editing Effector cells Epidemics Female Folic acid Genetic aspects Glutamine Health aspects Health care facilities HEK293 Cells Humans Immunoglobulin G - blood Immunoglobulin G - immunology Immunology Inositol Internal medicine Male Medicine Medicine and health sciences Microbiology Middle Aged Natural killer cells Oceans Opsonization Pandemics Pediatrics Perforin Physiological aspects Plasma Prevention Pyruvic acid Research and Analysis Methods Roads SARS-CoV-2 - immunology Severe acute respiratory syndrome Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Sodium Sodium bicarbonate Sodium pyruvate Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus - immunology Surgery Toxicity United States Vaccines Viral diseases Virology Viruses Visualization Young Adult United States Louisiana United States > US Tanzania Nebraska
ISSN:	1932-6203, 1932-6203
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Popis
Shrnutí:	Neutralizing-antibody (nAb) is the major focus of most ongoing COVID-19 vaccine trials. However, nAb response against SARS-CoV-2, when present, decays rapidly. Given the myriad roles of antibodies in immune responses, it is possible that antibodies could also mediate protection against SARS-CoV-2 via effector mechanisms such as antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), which we sought to explore here. Plasma of 3 uninfected controls and 20 subjects exposed to, or recovering from, SARS-CoV-2 infection were collected from U.S. and sub-Saharan Africa. Immunofluorescence assay was used to detect the presence of SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies in the plasma samples. SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing capability of these plasmas was assessed with SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped virus. ADCC activity was assessed with a calcein release assay. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG antibodies were detected in all COVID-19 subjects studied. All but three COVID-19 subjects contained nAb at high potency (>80% neutralization). Plasma from 19/20 of COVID-19 subjects also demonstrated strong ADCC activity against SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein, including two individuals without nAb against SARS-CoV-2. Both neutralizing and non-neutralizing COVID-19 plasmas can mediate ADCC. Our findings argue that evaluation of potential vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 should include investigation of the magnitude and durability of ADCC, in addition to nAb.
Bibliografie:	ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 content type line 23 Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
ISSN:	1932-6203 1932-6203
DOI:	10.1371/journal.pone.0247640