Arthritogenic alphaviruses: epidemiological and clinical perspective on emerging arboviruses

Mosquito-borne viruses, or arboviruses, have been part of the infectious disease landscape for centuries, and are often, but not exclusively, endemic to equatorial and subtropical regions of the world. The past two decades saw the re-emergence of arthritogenic alphaviruses, a genus of arboviruses th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Lancet infectious diseases Vol. 21; no. 5; pp. e123 - e133
Main Authors: Zaid, Ali, Burt, Felicity J, Liu, Xiang, Poo, Yee Suan, Zandi, Keivan, Suhrbier, Andreas, Weaver, Scott C, Texeira, Mauro M, Mahalingam, Suresh
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Ltd 01.05.2021
Elsevier B.V
Elsevier Limited
Subjects:
Alphavirus - genetics
Alphavirus Infections - diagnosis
Alphavirus Infections - epidemiology
Alphavirus Infections - physiopathology
Alphavirus Infections - virology
Animals
Antigens
Aquatic insects
Arbovirus Infections - diagnosis
Arbovirus Infections - epidemiology
Arbovirus Infections - physiopathology
Arbovirus Infections - virology
Arboviruses - genetics
Arthritis
Chikungunya Fever
Chikungunya virus
Chronic infection
Communicable diseases
Culicidae
Dengue fever
Disease
Disease Models, Animal
Encephalitis
Epidemics
Epidemiology
Equatorial regions
Genetic diversity
Genetic Variation
Geographical distribution
Geographical locations
Health aspects
Homeopathy
Humans
Immunogenicity
Infections
Infectious diseases
Materia medica and therapeutics
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Mosquito Vectors - virology
Mosquitoes
Outbreaks
Pathogenesis
Pathogens
Proteins
Public health
Reptiles & amphibians
Serology
Therapeutics
Vector-borne diseases
Vectors
Viruses
Indian Ocean
Papua New Guinea
Fiji
Asia
Cook Islands
Europe
Africa
South Africa
Australia
New Caledonia
India
ISSN:1473-3099, 1474-4457, 1474-4457
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Mosquito-borne viruses, or arboviruses, have been part of the infectious disease landscape for centuries, and are often, but not exclusively, endemic to equatorial and subtropical regions of the world. The past two decades saw the re-emergence of arthritogenic alphaviruses, a genus of arboviruses that includes several members that cause severe arthritic disease. Recent outbreaks further highlight the substantial public health burden caused by these viruses. Arthritogenic alphaviruses are often reported in the context of focused outbreaks in specific regions (eg, Caribbean, southeast Asia, and Indian Ocean) and cause debilitating acute disease that can extend to chronic manifestations for years after infection. These viruses are classified among several antigenic complexes, span a range of hosts and mosquito vectors, and can be distributed along specific geographical locations. In this Review, we highlight key features of alphaviruses that are known to cause arthritic disease in humans and outline the present findings pertaining to classification, immunogenicity, pathogenesis, and experimental approaches aimed at limiting disease manifestations. Although the most prominent alphavirus outbreaks in the past 15 years featured chikungunya virus, and a large body of work has been dedicated to understanding chikungunya disease mechanisms, this Review will instead focus on other arthritogenic alphaviruses that have been identified globally and provide a comprehensive appraisal of present and future research directions.
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ISSN:1473-3099
1474-4457
1474-4457
DOI:10.1016/S1473-3099(20)30491-6