Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in horses and horse personnel: An investigation of several outbreaks

At the Veterinary Microbiological Diagnostic Center, the Netherlands, the percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates found in equine clinical samples increased from 0% in 2002 to 37% in 2008. MRSA of spa-type t064, belonging to MLST ST8 and spa-types t011 and t2123, bo...

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Vydané v:	Veterinary microbiology Ročník 141; číslo 1; s. 96 - 102
Hlavní autori:	van Duijkeren, E., Moleman, M., Sloet van Oldruitenborgh-Oosterbaan, M.M., Multem, J., Troelstra, A., Fluit, A.C., van Wamel, W.J.B., Houwers, D.J., de Neeling, A.J., Wagenaar, J.A.
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	English
Vydavateľské údaje:	Amsterdam Elsevier B.V 24.02.2010 Amsterdam; New York: Elsevier Elsevier
Predmet:	animal care Animals antibiotic resistance bacterial contamination bacterial infections Bacteriology Biological and medical sciences classification Cross Infection Cross Infection - epidemiology Cross Infection - microbiology disease outbreaks Disease Outbreaks - statistics & numerical data disease prevalence disease surveillance disease transmission Environment epidemiological studies epidemiology Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology health care workers Horse horse diseases Horse Diseases - epidemiology Horse Diseases - microbiology Horses human-animal relations Humans isolation & purification methicillin Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - classification Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - isolation & purification Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - pathogenicity Microbiology Miscellaneous MRSA Netherlands nosocomial transmission pathogen identification pathogenicity pathotypes risk assessment screening Staphylococcal Infections Staphylococcal Infections - epidemiology Staphylococcal Infections - microbiology Staphylococcus aureus statistics & numerical data strains Transmission veterinarians veterinary clinics zoonoses Netherlands Environment Staphylococcus aureus Horse MRSA Transmission Vertebrata Mammalia Bacteria Micrococcales Micrococcaceae Perissodactyla Veterinary Ungulata
ISSN:	0378-1135, 1873-2542, 1873-2542
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Shrnutí:	At the Veterinary Microbiological Diagnostic Center, the Netherlands, the percentage of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates found in equine clinical samples increased from 0% in 2002 to 37% in 2008. MRSA of spa-type t064, belonging to MLST ST8 and spa-types t011 and t2123, both belonging to the livestock-associated MLST ST398, predominated. During an outbreak of post-surgical MRSA infections in horses at a veterinary teaching hospital in 2006/2007, MRSA isolates of spa-type t2123 were cultured from 7 horses and 4/61 personnel which indicated zoonotic transmission. After intervention the outbreak stopped. However, another outbreak occurred in 2008, where 17 equine MRSA isolates of spa-type t011 ( n = 12), t2123 ( n = 4), and t064 ( n = 1) were found. This time, 16/170 personnel were positive for MRSA with spa-type t011 ( n = 11) and t2123 ( n = 5). Personnel in close contact with horses were more often MRSA-positive (15/106) than those without (1/64). Screening of horses upon admission showed that 9.3% were MRSA-positive predominantly with spa-type t011. Weekly cross-sectional sampling of all hospitalized horses for 5 weeks showed that 42% of the horses were MRSA-positive at least once, again predominantly with spa-type t011, which suggests that nosocomial transmission took place. Fifty-three percent of the environmental samples were MRSA-positive, including samples from students’ and staff members’ rooms, and all were spa-type t011. This indicates that humans contribute to spreading the organism. Culturing of samples employing high-salt pre-enrichment performed better than a comparable method without pre-enrichment. Our results show that nosocomial transmission occurs in equine clinics and suggests that personnel play a role in the transmission.
Bibliografia:	http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.009 ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 ObjectType-Article-2 ObjectType-Feature-1
ISSN:	0378-1135 1873-2542 1873-2542
DOI:	10.1016/j.vetmic.2009.08.009