Impact of Historic Migrations and Evolutionary Processes on Human Immunity

The evolution of mankind has constantly been influenced by the pathogens encountered. The various populations of modern humans that ventured out of Africa adapted to different environments and faced a large variety of infectious agents, resulting in local adaptations of the immune system for these p...

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Vydáno v:Trends in immunology Ročník 40; číslo 12; s. 1105 - 1119
Hlavní autoři: Domínguez-Andrés, Jorge, Netea, Mihai G.
Médium: Journal Article
Jazyk:angličtina
Vydáno: England Elsevier Ltd 01.12.2019
Elsevier Limited
Témata:
Adaptation
Antigens
Autoimmune diseases
Autoimmune Diseases - genetics
Autoimmune Diseases - immunology
Bacteria
Bacterial infections
Biological Evolution
Communicable Diseases - genetics
Communicable Diseases - immunology
Evolution
Evolutionary genetics
Genes
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
Genetics, Population
Genomes
Hemoglobin
Host-Pathogen Interactions
Human Migration
Humans
Immune system
immunity
Immunity - genetics
Infections
Infectious diseases
Inflammatory diseases
Malaria
Microorganisms
migrations
Pathogens
Proteins
selective pressure
Tuberculosis
Viral infections
Western World
West Africa
Africa
autoimmune diseases
selective pressure
evolution
immunity
pathogens
migrations
ISSN:1471-4906, 1471-4981, 1471-4981
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Shrnutí:The evolution of mankind has constantly been influenced by the pathogens encountered. The various populations of modern humans that ventured out of Africa adapted to different environments and faced a large variety of infectious agents, resulting in local adaptations of the immune system for these populations. The functional variation of immune genes as a result of evolution is relevant in the responses against infection, as well as in the emergence of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases observed in modern populations. Understanding how host–pathogen interactions have influenced the human immune system from an evolutionary perspective might contribute to unveiling the causes behind different immune-mediated disorders and promote the development of new strategies to detect and control such diseases. Human evolution has been constantly influenced by pathogens; therefore, a great number of human genes linked to immune functions and immunity-related disorders have evolved along with humans.The heterogeneity in the immune response to infectious diseases across different populations is under genetic control and is the result of evolutionary processes.Genetic variants that have been under evolutionary pressure can contribute to explaining the differences in the susceptibility to diseases observed across different populations.The ancestry of individuals from different populations across the globe greatly influences their possibility of developing certain autoimmune diseases and inflammatory disorders.The lifestyle of Western societies affects the symbiotic relationships between humans, viruses, and other organisms and might contribute to the rise of certain autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
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ISSN:1471-4906
1471-4981
1471-4981
DOI:10.1016/j.it.2019.10.001