The moderating effects of perceived intentionality: exploring the relationships between ideas of reference, paranoia and social anxiety in schizotypy

Introduction. Ideas of reference (IOR), paranoia and social anxiety are features of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, which appear to be conceptually related; however, the precise nature of these relationships is unclear. These relationships may be partially explained by perceived intentionality (PI...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cognitive neuropsychiatry Vol. 19; no. 6; pp. 527 - 539
Main Authors: Morrison, Sean C., Cohen, Alex S.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Hove Routledge 02.11.2014
Psychology Press
Taylor & Francis Ltd
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adult
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Anxiety
Anxiety - psychology
Anxiety disorders. Neuroses
Biological and medical sciences
Case-Control Studies
Female
Humans
ideas of reference
Intention
intentionality
Linear Models
Male
Medical sciences
Other psychotic disorders
paranoia
Paranoid Behavior - psychology
Personality disorders
Phobia
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychometrics
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Psychoses
Schizophrenia
schizophrenia-spectrum
Schizotypal Personality Disorder - diagnosis
Schizotypal Personality Disorder - psychology
schizotypy
Self Report
Shyness
Social Behavior
Thinking
Young Adult
Human
Social phobia
Paranoiac psychosis
Anxiety disorder
Schizophrenia
Cognition
paranoia
intentionality
schizotypy
Personality disorder
Schizotypal personality
ideas of reference
Intention
schizophrenia-spectrum
ISSN:1354-6805, 1464-0619, 1464-0619
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Introduction. Ideas of reference (IOR), paranoia and social anxiety are features of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders, which appear to be conceptually related; however, the precise nature of these relationships is unclear. These relationships may be partially explained by perceived intentionality (PI), a social-cognitive bias for perceiving other people's actions during unpleasant situations as being directed at oneself in an intentionally malicious manner. Our primary aim was to examine the moderating role of PI on the relationships between IOR and paranoia, and between IOR and social anxiety amongst individuals with psychometrically defined schizotypy. Methods. We assessed IOR, paranoia and social anxiety amongst individuals with psychometrically defined schizotypy (n = 44) and controls (n = 36) and examined the moderating effects of PI within each group. Results. As hypothesised, PI moderated the relationship between IOR and paranoia such that higher PI predicted higher levels of paranoia as IOR increased. Additionally, we found that PI moderated the relationship between IOR and social anxiety such that higher PI predicted lower levels of social anxiety as IOR increased. Conclusion. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed including the potential for assessing PI as a proxy for paranoia when clinicians suspect a client is underreporting paranoia due to positive impression management.
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ISSN:1354-6805
1464-0619
1464-0619
DOI:10.1080/13546805.2014.931839