Immune checkpoint inhibitor–associated myocarditis: manifestations and mechanisms

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of various cancers, including malignancies once considered untreatable. These agents, however, are associated with inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs. Myocarditis has emerged as a serious ICI-associated toxicity, becau...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of clinical investigation Vol. 131; no. 5; pp. 1 - 11
Main Authors: Moslehi, Javid, Lichtman, Andrew H., Sharpe, Arlene H., Galluzzi, Lorenzo, Kitsis, Richard N.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States American Society for Clinical Investigation 01.03.2021
Subjects:
Antigens
Apoptosis
Biomarkers
Biomedical research
Cancer
Cell injury
Complications and side effects
Cytokines
Cytotoxicity
Development and progression
Drug therapy
Enzyme inhibitors
FDA approval
Heart diseases
Humans
Immune checkpoint inhibitors
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - adverse effects
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - therapeutic use
Immune system
Inflammation
Ligands
Lymphocytes
Lymphocytes T
Myocarditis
Myocarditis - chemically induced
Myocarditis - diagnosis
Myocarditis - immunology
Myocarditis - pathology
Peptides
Proteins
Review
T cell receptors
Thymus gland
Toxicity
United States
ISSN:0021-9738, 1558-8238, 1558-8238
Online Access:Get full text
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Summary:Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have transformed the treatment of various cancers, including malignancies once considered untreatable. These agents, however, are associated with inflammation and tissue damage in multiple organs. Myocarditis has emerged as a serious ICI-associated toxicity, because, while seemingly infrequent, it is often fulminant and lethal. The underlying basis of ICI-associated myocarditis is not completely understood. While the importance of T cells is clear, the inciting antigens, why they are recognized, and the mechanisms leading to cardiac cell injury remain poorly characterized. These issues underscore the need for basic and clinical studies to define pathogenesis, identify predictive biomarkers, improve diagnostic strategies, and develop effective treatments. An improved understanding of ICI-associated myocarditis will provide insights into the equilibrium between the immune and cardiovascular systems.
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ISSN:0021-9738
1558-8238
1558-8238
DOI:10.1172/JCI145186