Bell violation using entangled photons without the fair-sampling assumption

The fair-sampling loophole is closed in a Bell inequality violation experiment with entangled photons, making the photon the first physical system for which all the main loopholes have been closed. The reality of photon entanglement So-called Bell experiments are used to discriminate between classic...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:

Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:	Nature (London) Jg. 497; H. 7448; S. 227 - 230
Hauptverfasser:	Giustina, Marissa, Mech, Alexandra, Ramelow, Sven, Wittmann, Bernhard, Kofler, Johannes, Beyer, Jörn, Lita, Adriana, Calkins, Brice, Gerrits, Thomas, Nam, Sae Woo, Ursin, Rupert, Zeilinger, Anton
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	London Nature Publishing Group UK 09.05.2013 Nature Publishing Group
Schlagworte:	639/766/483/1139 Atoms & subatomic particles Bell's theorem Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields Efficiency Exact sciences and technology Experiments Foundations, theory of measurement, miscellaneous theories (including aharonov-bohm effect, bell inequalities, berry's phase) Humanities and Social Sciences letter multidisciplinary Photons Physical properties Physics Properties Quantum mechanics Quantum theory Science United Kingdom Quantum optics Entangled states Bell inequality Photon pair
ISSN:	0028-0836, 1476-4687, 1476-4687
Online-Zugang:	Volltext
Tags:	Tag hinzufügen Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!

Abstract	The fair-sampling loophole is closed in a Bell inequality violation experiment with entangled photons, making the photon the first physical system for which all the main loopholes have been closed. The reality of photon entanglement So-called Bell experiments are used to discriminate between classical ('local realistic') and quantum models of measurable phenomena. In practice, they are subject to various loopholes (arising from non-ideal experimental conditions) that can render the results inconclusive. These authors used a highly efficient source of photon pairs and superconducting transition-edge sensors in a Bell inequality experiment that closes the 'fair-sampling' loophole for entangled photons. The results conflict with local realism, while making the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments. The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint—namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined before and independently of measurement, and in which no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light 1 , 2 . All such experimental violations require additional assumptions depending on their specific construction, making them vulnerable to so-called loopholes. Here we use entangled photons to violate a Bell inequality while closing the fair-sampling loophole, that is, without assuming that the sample of measured photons accurately represents the entire ensemble 3 . To do this, we use the Eberhard form of Bell’s inequality, which is not vulnerable to the fair-sampling assumption and which allows a lower collection efficiency than other forms 4 . Technical improvements of the photon source 5 , 6 and high-efficiency transition-edge sensors 7 were crucial for achieving a sufficiently high collection efficiency. Our experiment makes the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments.
AbstractList	The fair-sampling loophole is closed in a Bell inequality violation experiment with entangled photons, making the photon the first physical system for which all the main loopholes have been closed. The reality of photon entanglement So-called Bell experiments are used to discriminate between classical ('local realistic') and quantum models of measurable phenomena. In practice, they are subject to various loopholes (arising from non-ideal experimental conditions) that can render the results inconclusive. These authors used a highly efficient source of photon pairs and superconducting transition-edge sensors in a Bell inequality experiment that closes the 'fair-sampling' loophole for entangled photons. The results conflict with local realism, while making the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments. The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint—namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined before and independently of measurement, and in which no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light 1 , 2 . All such experimental violations require additional assumptions depending on their specific construction, making them vulnerable to so-called loopholes. Here we use entangled photons to violate a Bell inequality while closing the fair-sampling loophole, that is, without assuming that the sample of measured photons accurately represents the entire ensemble 3 . To do this, we use the Eberhard form of Bell’s inequality, which is not vulnerable to the fair-sampling assumption and which allows a lower collection efficiency than other forms 4 . Technical improvements of the photon source 5 , 6 and high-efficiency transition-edge sensors 7 were crucial for achieving a sufficiently high collection efficiency. Our experiment makes the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments. The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint--namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined before and independently of measurement, and in which no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. All such experimental violations require additional assumptions depending on their specific construction, making them vulnerable to so-called loopholes. Here we use entangled photons to violate a Bell inequality while closing the fair-sampling loophole, that is, without assuming that the sample of measured photons accurately represents the entire ensemble. To do this, we use the Eberhard form of Bell's inequality, which is not vulnerable to the fair-sampling assumption and which allows a lower collection efficiency than other forms. Technical improvements of the photon source and high-efficiency transition-edge sensors were crucial for achieving a sufficiently high collection efficiency. Our experiment makes the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments. The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint--namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined before and independently of measurement, and in which no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. All such experimental violations require additional assumptions depending on their specific construction, making them vulnerable to so-called loopholes. Here we use entangled photons to violate a Bell inequality while closing the fair-sampling loophole, that is, without assuming that the sample of measured photons accurately represents the entire ensemble. To do this, we use the Eberhard form of Bell's inequality, which is not vulnerable to the fair-sampling assumption and which allows a lower collection efficiency than other forms. Technical improvements of the photon source and high-efficiency transition-edge sensors were crucial for achieving a sufficiently high collection efficiency. Our experiment makes the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments.The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint--namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined before and independently of measurement, and in which no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. All such experimental violations require additional assumptions depending on their specific construction, making them vulnerable to so-called loopholes. Here we use entangled photons to violate a Bell inequality while closing the fair-sampling loophole, that is, without assuming that the sample of measured photons accurately represents the entire ensemble. To do this, we use the Eberhard form of Bell's inequality, which is not vulnerable to the fair-sampling assumption and which allows a lower collection efficiency than other forms. Technical improvements of the photon source and high-efficiency transition-edge sensors were crucial for achieving a sufficiently high collection efficiency. Our experiment makes the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments. The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint-namely, one in which physical properties are (probabilistically) defined before and independently of measurement, and in which no physical influence can propagate faster than the speed of light. All such experimental violations require additional assumptions depending on their specific construction, making them vulnerable to so-called loopholes. Here we use entangled photons to violate a Bell inequality while closing the fair-sampling loophole, that is, without assuming that the sample of measured photons accurately represents the entire ensemble. To do this, we use the Eberhard form of Bell's inequality, which is not vulnerable to the fairsampling assumption and which allows a lower collection efficiency than other forms. Technical improvements of the photon source and high-efficiency transition-edge sensors were crucial for achieving a sufficiently high collection efficiency. Our experiment makes the photon the first physical system for which each of the main loopholes has been closed, albeit in different experiments. [PUBLICATION ABSTRACT]
Audience	Academic
Author	Mech, Alexandra Nam, Sae Woo Zeilinger, Anton Gerrits, Thomas Ursin, Rupert Ramelow, Sven Calkins, Brice Kofler, Johannes Beyer, Jörn Lita, Adriana Giustina, Marissa Wittmann, Bernhard
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Marissa surname: Giustina fullname: Giustina, Marissa email: marissa.giustina@univie.ac.at organization: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria , Quantum Optics, Quantum Nanophysics, Quantum Information, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria – sequence: 2 givenname: Alexandra surname: Mech fullname: Mech, Alexandra organization: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria , Quantum Optics, Quantum Nanophysics, Quantum Information, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria – sequence: 3 givenname: Sven surname: Ramelow fullname: Ramelow, Sven organization: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria , Quantum Optics, Quantum Nanophysics, Quantum Information, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria – sequence: 4 givenname: Bernhard surname: Wittmann fullname: Wittmann, Bernhard organization: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria , Quantum Optics, Quantum Nanophysics, Quantum Information, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria – sequence: 5 givenname: Johannes surname: Kofler fullname: Kofler, Johannes organization: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria , Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics (MPQ), Hans-Kopfermann-straße 1, 85748 Garching, Germany – sequence: 6 givenname: Jörn surname: Beyer fullname: Beyer, Jörn organization: Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Abbestraße 1, 10587 Berlin, Germany – sequence: 7 givenname: Adriana surname: Lita fullname: Lita, Adriana organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway – sequence: 8 givenname: Brice surname: Calkins fullname: Calkins, Brice organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway – sequence: 9 givenname: Thomas surname: Gerrits fullname: Gerrits, Thomas organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway – sequence: 10 givenname: Sae Woo surname: Nam fullname: Nam, Sae Woo organization: National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway – sequence: 11 givenname: Rupert surname: Ursin fullname: Ursin, Rupert organization: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria – sequence: 12 givenname: Anton surname: Zeilinger fullname: Zeilinger, Anton email: anton.zeilinger@univie.ac.at organization: Institute for Quantum Optics and Quantum Information (IQOQI), Austrian Academy of Sciences, Boltzmanngasse 3, Vienna 1090, Austria , Quantum Optics, Quantum Nanophysics, Quantum Information, University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Boltzmanngasse 5, Vienna 1090, Austria
BackLink	http://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=27334799$$DView record in Pascal Francis https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23584590$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed
BookMark	eNp10s9v0zAUB3ALDbFucOKOIiYkEGTYiZ3Ex67ix8QEEgxxjFz3OfWU2JntMPjvcVih7ZQ5B0vR5_uSZ78jdGCsAYSeEnxKcF69NSIMDkiGSfYAzQgti5QWVXmAZhhnVYqrvDhER95fYYwZKekjdJjlrKKM4xn6dAZtm_zUthVBW5MMXpsmAROEaVpYJf3aBmt8cqPD2g4hCWtIlNAu9aLr29EK74euH8OP0UMlWg9PNvsx-v7-3eXiY3rx5cP5Yn6RSlYVIc0K4FRwwJzkXBHGKMXLomBE4GWVkUoBUbEJhUu5zBSWNLYEUlIllMAsho7Ry9u6vbPXA_hQd9rL2IcwYAdfk5xhwjBnWaQnd-iVHZyJfzcqVnFeFHyrGtFCrY2ywQk5Fq3necbzIq4qqnRCNWDAiTZeidLx9Z5_PuFlr6_rXXQ6geKzgk7Lyaqv9gLRBPgVGjF4X59_-7pvX99v55c_Fp_39bPNWQ3LDlZ173Qn3O_637BE8GIDhJeiVU4Yqf3WlXlOS863n5XOeu9A_ScE1-PI1jsjGzW5o6UOf4cxnoRu78m8uc34WNk04HaudYL_AV7c-KM
CODEN	NATUAS
CitedBy_id	crossref_primary_10_1007_s10946_015_9471_6 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41534_020_00317_7 crossref_primary_10_3390_e20110829 crossref_primary_10_1038_lsa_2017_146 crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_adr1794 crossref_primary_10_1126_sciadv_1500793 crossref_primary_10_3390_e19040180 crossref_primary_10_1080_09500340_2015_1021725 crossref_primary_10_3367_UFNr_2023_06_039412 crossref_primary_10_1080_09500340_2015_1021723 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10701_017_0061_z crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6633_ab85b9 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11128_023_04175_y crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physrep_2024_10_003 crossref_primary_10_1364_JOSAB_32_002096 crossref_primary_10_1088_1751_8113_49_21_215301 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_tcs_2025_115398 crossref_primary_10_1364_JOSAB_31_001568 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_ad2d40 crossref_primary_10_3390_e25010160 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10701_014_9829_6 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevApplied_19_034049 crossref_primary_10_1038_510467a crossref_primary_10_1007_s10773_024_05617_8 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_aadc78 crossref_primary_10_3367_UFNe_2023_06_039412 crossref_primary_10_1038_ncomms10171 crossref_primary_10_1364_JOSAB_32_000A82 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevApplied_21_040501 crossref_primary_10_1088_1054_660X_24_7_074008 crossref_primary_10_1088_1751_8113_48_19_195302 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10701_015_9929_y crossref_primary_10_1002_ejic_201801050 crossref_primary_10_1038_nature20119 crossref_primary_10_1088_0034_4885_78_4_042001 crossref_primary_10_1109_JSTQE_2014_2375161 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41566_022_01128_2 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10701_014_9851_8 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physrep_2017_04_001 crossref_primary_10_1038_srep10214 crossref_primary_10_1140_epjp_i2019_12987_0 crossref_primary_10_1002_piuz_201501412 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41534_019_0208_1 crossref_primary_10_3390_e24101380 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_ab61da crossref_primary_10_1007_s11128_024_04460_4 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_16_4_043002 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevX_3_031006 crossref_primary_10_1038_nphoton_2014_60 crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_aa736d crossref_primary_10_1088_1751_8113_47_42_424026 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10701_016_9987_9 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41467_021_23147_3 crossref_primary_10_1109_TQE_2025_3549485 crossref_primary_10_1088_1751_8113_47_42_424028 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physrep_2017_10_002 crossref_primary_10_1088_1751_8113_47_42_424027 crossref_primary_10_1038_ncomms3104 crossref_primary_10_1038_nature13132 crossref_primary_10_1088_1674_1056_27_2_020307 crossref_primary_10_1364_JOSAB_31_003088 crossref_primary_10_1088_0031_8949_2014_T163_014019 crossref_primary_10_1038_nphoton_2014_50 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_020_70045_7 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevLett_134_010203 crossref_primary_10_1103_RevModPhys_95_045006 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_17_6_065017 crossref_primary_10_1038_ncomms14543 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphy_2022_892519 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41534_023_00684_x crossref_primary_10_1002_pssb_201350253 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10773_023_05404_x crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ad7c02 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevResearch_6_L032073 crossref_primary_10_1038_nphys2931 crossref_primary_10_3390_e20040280 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_pquantelec_2022_100396 crossref_primary_10_1073_pnas_1400106111 crossref_primary_10_3390_e24111592 crossref_primary_10_1002_qute_201900034 crossref_primary_10_1038_nature14331 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_16_3_033011 crossref_primary_10_1119_1_4945408 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10773_025_05946_2 crossref_primary_10_1038_ncomms3871 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41534_018_0081_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41534_025_01028_7 crossref_primary_10_1177_0963721416639702 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10773_014_2152_3 crossref_primary_10_1002_qute_202000132 crossref_primary_10_1140_epjc_s10052_020_08430_9 crossref_primary_10_1088_1751_8113_47_42_424003 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_025_07747_3 crossref_primary_10_3390_app9245406 crossref_primary_10_1038_nphys2945 crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_701_1_012021 crossref_primary_10_1088_1751_8113_47_42_424007 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10773_016_3017_8 crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_504_1_012019 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physrep_2021_11_004 crossref_primary_10_1364_OPTICAQ_562217 crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6455_ab3c01 crossref_primary_10_1140_epjh_e2020_10022_x crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physleta_2022_128396 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_17_2_023038 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11128_022_03699_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s10699_017_9528_9 crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6382_aac72f crossref_primary_10_1016_j_cpc_2015_11_010 crossref_primary_10_1088_0253_6102_61_1_07 crossref_primary_10_1038_srep04812 crossref_primary_10_1038_srep30289 crossref_primary_10_1002_prop_201600044 crossref_primary_10_1109_TIT_2016_2535179 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_018_20034_8 crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_504_1_012001 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physleta_2024_129657 crossref_primary_10_1088_1751_8113_47_42_424014 crossref_primary_10_1038_npjqi_2016_26 crossref_primary_10_1088_1751_8113_47_42_424013 crossref_primary_10_1088_2058_9565_ab2819 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10773_014_2040_x crossref_primary_10_1038_nature16184 crossref_primary_10_1063_5_0023103 crossref_primary_10_1038_npjqi_2016_21 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41534_025_01072_3 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41534_018_0115_x crossref_primary_10_1088_1361_6455_abe5c8 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_ab4538 crossref_primary_10_1080_00268976_2018_1503746 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_ppnp_2025_104174 crossref_primary_10_1364_JOSAB_31_002068 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physleta_2017_05_010 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_physleta_2023_129111 crossref_primary_10_1088_0953_4075_49_12_125502 crossref_primary_10_1214_14_STS490 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_aaaa06 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_17_2_023023 crossref_primary_10_3758_s13423_015_0931_3 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_optcom_2016_12_070 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_18_3_035001 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevX_5_041052 crossref_primary_10_1002_qute_202400661 crossref_primary_10_1119_1_4823600 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevApplied_16_034051 crossref_primary_10_3390_app10072431 crossref_primary_10_3390_e21020185 crossref_primary_10_1007_s40509_016_0073_y crossref_primary_10_1515_zna_2018_0049 crossref_primary_10_1038_nature15631 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_16_1_013035 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevLett_134_090201 crossref_primary_10_3390_quantum3010004 crossref_primary_10_1038_s41598_018_36513_x crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_17_2_022003 crossref_primary_10_1038_nature15759 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_16_6_063064 crossref_primary_10_1002_andp_202000333 crossref_primary_10_1051_epjconf_20135801014 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10701_014_9786_0 crossref_primary_10_1038_ncomms15044 crossref_primary_10_1140_epjb_s10051_023_00479_1 crossref_primary_10_1002_qute_202000102 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10909_018_2095_9 crossref_primary_10_3390_e27070656 crossref_primary_10_3389_fphy_2020_00142 crossref_primary_10_3390_e23070872 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10699_017_9530_2 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_16_8_083011 crossref_primary_10_1103_PhysRevResearch_3_L012025 crossref_primary_10_3390_universe10100396 crossref_primary_10_3390_e24121742 crossref_primary_10_1038_nature16155 crossref_primary_10_1016_j_crhy_2016_07_010 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_16_5_053001 crossref_primary_10_1088_1751_8113_48_7_075306 crossref_primary_10_1038_nphys2863 crossref_primary_10_3390_instruments8040047 crossref_primary_10_1002_andp_201900508 crossref_primary_10_1007_s10773_013_1925_4 crossref_primary_10_1088_1367_2630_aca0b6 crossref_primary_10_1088_1742_6596_626_1_012018 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11128_015_1181_z crossref_primary_10_1007_s11128_024_04638_w crossref_primary_10_1088_1402_4896_ad22c7 crossref_primary_10_1007_s11128_019_2238_1
Cites_doi	10.1126/science.1221856 10.1038/nature08363 10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.150404 10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1804 10.1364/OE.16.003032 10.1166/asl.2009.1059 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.3209 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.060401 10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.880 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5039 10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195 10.1103/PhysRevD.10.526 10.1364/OE.21.006707 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.220403 10.1038/35057215 10.1088/1367-2630/14/5/053030 10.1103/PhysRevD.2.1418 10.1364/OE.15.015377 10.1038/ncomms1628 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.R747 10.1103/PhysRevD.35.3831 10.1109/TASC.2007.897403 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.012316 10.1073/pnas.1002780107 10.1103/PhysRevLett.28.938 10.1126/science.331.6023.1380
ContentType	Journal Article
Copyright	Springer Nature Limited 2013 2014 INIST-CNRS COPYRIGHT 2013 Nature Publishing Group Copyright Nature Publishing Group May 9, 2013
Copyright_xml	– notice: Springer Nature Limited 2013 – notice: 2014 INIST-CNRS – notice: COPYRIGHT 2013 Nature Publishing Group – notice: Copyright Nature Publishing Group May 9, 2013
DBID	AAYXX CITATION IQODW NPM ATWCN 3V. 7QG 7QL 7QP 7QR 7RV 7SN 7SS 7ST 7T5 7TG 7TK 7TM 7TO 7U9 7X2 7X7 7XB 88A 88E 88G 88I 8AF 8AO 8C1 8FD 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8FK 8G5 ABJCF ABUWG AEUYN AFKRA ARAPS ATCPS AZQEC BBNVY BEC BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BKSAR C1K CCPQU D1I DWQXO FR3 FYUFA GHDGH GNUQQ GUQSH H94 HCIFZ K9. KB. KB0 KL. L6V LK8 M0K M0S M1P M2M M2O M2P M7N M7P M7S MBDVC NAPCQ P5Z P62 P64 PATMY PCBAR PDBOC PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PKEHL PPXIY PQEST PQGLB PQQKQ PQUKI PRINS PSYQQ PTHSS PYCSY Q9U R05 RC3 S0X SOI 7X8
DOI	10.1038/nature12012
DatabaseName	CrossRef Pascal-Francis PubMed Gale In Context: Middle School ProQuest Central (Corporate) Animal Behavior Abstracts Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts Chemoreception Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Database Ecology Abstracts Entomology Abstracts (Full archive) Environment Abstracts Immunology Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts Nucleic Acids Abstracts Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts Virology and AIDS Abstracts Agricultural Science Collection Health & Medical Collection ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016) Biology Database (Alumni Edition) Medical Database (Alumni Edition) Psychology Database (Alumni) Science Database (Alumni Edition) STEM Database ProQuest Pharma Collection Public Health Database Technology Research Database ProQuest SciTech Collection ProQuest Technology Collection ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016) ProQuest Research Library Materials Science & Engineering Collection ProQuest Central (Alumni) ProQuest One Sustainability ProQuest Central UK/Ireland Advanced Technologies & Computer Science Collection Agricultural & Environmental Science Database ProQuest Central Essentials - QC ProQuest SciTech Premium Collection Natural Science Collection Biological Science Collection eLibrary (ProQuest) ProQuest Central ProQuest Technology Collection Natural Science Collection ProQuest SciTech Premium Collection‎ Natural Science Collection Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Community College ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Central Engineering Research Database Health Research Premium Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) ProQuest Central Student ProQuest Research Library AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) Materials Science Database Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition) Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest Engineering Collection Biological Sciences Agricultural Science Database ProQuest Health & Medical Collection PML(ProQuest Medical Library) ProQuest - Psychology Database Research Library Science Database Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Biological Science Database Engineering Database Research Library (Corporate) Nursing & Allied Health Premium Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Database Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database Materials Science Collection Proquest Central Premium ProQuest One Academic (New) ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) ProQuest One Health & Nursing ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE) ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Academic (retired) ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition ProQuest Central China ProQuest One Psychology New Engineering Collection Environmental Science Collection ProQuest Central Basic University of Michigan Genetics Abstracts SIRS Editorial Environment Abstracts MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitle	CrossRef PubMed Agricultural Science Database ProQuest One Psychology Research Library Prep ProQuest Central Student Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts ProQuest Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection ProQuest Central Essentials Nucleic Acids Abstracts elibrary ProQuest AP Science SciTech Premium Collection ProQuest Central China Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management ProQuest One Applied & Life Sciences ProQuest One Sustainability Health Research Premium Collection Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts Natural Science Collection Health & Medical Research Collection Biological Science Collection Chemoreception Abstracts ProQuest Central (New) ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni) Engineering Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Collection Engineering Database Virology and AIDS Abstracts ProQuest Science Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Biological Science Collection ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database Agricultural Science Collection ProQuest Hospital Collection ProQuest Technology Collection Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni) Biological Science Database Ecology Abstracts Neurosciences Abstracts ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni) Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts Environmental Science Collection Entomology Abstracts Nursing & Allied Health Premium ProQuest Health & Medical Complete ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition Environmental Science Database ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source (Alumni) Engineering Research Database ProQuest One Academic Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts Meteorological & Geoastrophysical Abstracts - Academic ProQuest One Academic (New) University of Michigan Technology Collection Technology Research Database ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New) SIRS Editorial Materials Science Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni) ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition) ProQuest One Community College ProQuest One Health & Nursing Research Library (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Natural Science Collection ProQuest Pharma Collection ProQuest Biology Journals (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Collection ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection Genetics Abstracts ProQuest Engineering Collection Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition) ProQuest Central Korea Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B) Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C) Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts Materials Science Database ProQuest Research Library ProQuest Materials Science Collection ProQuest Public Health ProQuest Central Basic ProQuest Science Journals ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source ProQuest Psychology Journals (Alumni) ProQuest SciTech Collection Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database ProQuest Medical Library ProQuest Psychology Journals Animal Behavior Abstracts Materials Science & Engineering Collection Immunology Abstracts Environment Abstracts ProQuest Central (Alumni) MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList	PubMed MEDLINE - Academic Agricultural Science Database
Database_xml	– sequence: 1 dbid: NPM name: PubMed url: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed sourceTypes: Index Database – sequence: 2 dbid: PATMY name: Environmental Science Database url: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod	fulltext_linktorsrc
Discipline	Sciences (General) Physics
EISSN	1476-4687
EndPage	230
ExternalDocumentID	2982011571 A329366668 23584590 27334799 10_1038_nature12012
Genre	Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Journal Article
GeographicLocations	United Kingdom
GeographicLocations_xml	– name: United Kingdom
GroupedDBID	--- --Z -DZ -ET -~X .55 .CO .XZ 00M 07C 0R~ 0WA 123 186 1OL 1VR 29M 2KS 2XV 39C 3V. 4.4 41X 53G 5RE 6TJ 70F 7RV 7X2 7X7 7XC 85S 88A 88E 88I 8AF 8AO 8C1 8CJ 8FE 8FG 8FH 8FI 8FJ 8G5 8R4 8R5 8WZ 97F 97L A6W A7Z A8Z AAEEF AAHBH AAHTB AAIKC AAKAB AAKAS AAMNW AASDW AAYEP AAYZH AAZLF ABAWZ ABDBF ABDQB ABFSI ABIVO ABJCF ABJNI ABLJU ABOCM ABPEJ ABPPZ ABUWG ABWJO ABZEH ACBEA ACBWK ACGFO ACGFS ACGOD ACIWK ACKOT ACMJI ACNCT ACPRK ACUHS ACWUS ADBBV ADFRT ADUKH ADYSU ADZCM AENEX AEUYN AFFNX AFKRA AFLOW AFRAH AFSHS AGAYW AGHSJ AGHTU AGNAY AGSOS AHMBA AHSBF AIDAL AIDUJ ALFFA ALIPV ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS AMTXH APEBS ARAPS ARMCB ARTTT ASPBG ATCPS ATWCN AVWKF AXYYD AZFZN AZQEC B0M BBNVY BCU BDKGC BEC BENPR BGLVJ BHPHI BIN BKEYQ BKKNO BKSAR BLC BPHCQ BVXVI CCPQU CJ0 CS3 D1I D1J D1K DO4 DU5 DWQXO E.- E.L EAD EAP EAS EAZ EBC EBD EBO EBS ECC EE. EJD EMB EMF EMH EMK EMOBN EPL EPS ESE ESN ESX EX3 EXGXG F5P FEDTE FQGFK FSGXE FYUFA GNUQQ GUQSH HCIFZ HMCUK HVGLF HZ~ I-F IAO ICQ IEA IEP IGS IH2 IHR INH INR IOF IPY ISR ITC K6- KB. KOO L6V L7B LK5 LK8 LSO M0K M0L M1P M2M M2O M2P M7P M7R M7S N9A NAPCQ NEJ NEPJS O9- OBC OES OHH OMK OVD P-O P2P P62 PATMY PCBAR PDBOC PEA PKN PM3 PQQKQ PROAC PSQYO PSYQQ PTHSS PYCSY Q2X R05 RND RNS RNT RNTTT RXW S0X SC5 SHXYY SIXXV SJFOW SJN SNYQT SOJ SV3 TAE TAOOD TBHMF TDRGL TEORI TH9 TN5 TSG TUS TWZ U5U UIG UKHRP UKR UMD UQL VQA VVN WH7 WOW X7M XIH XKW XZL Y6R YAE YCJ YFH YIF YIN YNT YOC YQT YR2 YR5 YXB YZZ Z5M ZCA ZE2 ZKB ~02 ~7V ~88 ~8M ~KM AARCD AAYXX ABFSG ABUFD ACSTC ADXHL AETEA AEZWR AFANA AFFHD AIXLP ALPWD ATHPR CITATION PHGZM PHGZT PJZUB PPXIY PQGLB .-4 .GJ .HR 08P 1CY 1VW 354 3EH 3O- 41~ 42X 4R4 663 79B 9M8 AAJYS AAVBQ ABDPE ABEFU ABNNU ACBNA ACBTR ACRPL ACTDY ADGHP ADNMO ADRHT AFBBN AFFDN AFHIU AFHKK AGCDD AGGDT AGQPQ AHWEU AIYXT AJUXI BCR BES BKOMP DB5 FA8 FAC HG6 IQODW J5H L-9 LGEZI LOTEE MVM N4W NADUK NFIDA NXXTH ODYON OHT PV9 QS- R4F RHI SKT TUD UBY UHB USG VOH X7L XOL YJ6 YQI YQJ YV5 YXA YYP YYQ ZCG ZGI ZHY ZY4 ~G0 NPM ACMFV AEIIB PMFND 7QG 7QL 7QP 7QR 7SN 7SS 7ST 7T5 7TG 7TK 7TM 7TO 7U9 7XB 8FD 8FK C1K ESTFP FR3 H94 K9. KL. M7N MBDVC P64 PKEHL PQEST PQUKI PRINS Q9U RC3 SOI 7X8
ID	FETCH-LOGICAL-c586t-26e94a9e09139f155440b6651a0b8218fe1f476f07cb2f0c4147ecc4fafa05913
IEDL.DBID	M2M
ISICitedReferencesCount	354
ISICitedReferencesURI	http://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=Summon&SrcAuth=ProQuest&DestLinkType=CitingArticles&DestApp=WOS_CPL&KeyUT=000318558200033&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
ISSN	0028-0836 1476-4687
IngestDate	Sun Nov 09 12:20:08 EST 2025 Sun Nov 02 13:56:32 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 13:18:22 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 11:40:56 EST 2025 Tue Jun 10 15:32:43 EDT 2025 Sun Nov 23 08:56:31 EST 2025 Wed Nov 26 10:18:43 EST 2025 Mon Nov 24 15:08:20 EST 2025 Thu Apr 03 06:52:45 EDT 2025 Mon Jul 21 09:13:29 EDT 2025 Tue Nov 18 21:03:26 EST 2025 Sat Nov 29 04:12:49 EST 2025 Fri Feb 21 02:37:58 EST 2025
IsPeerReviewed	true
IsScholarly	true
Issue	7448
Keywords	Quantum optics Entangled states Bell inequality Photon pair
Language	English
License	http://www.springer.com/tdm CC BY 4.0
LinkModel	DirectLink
MergedId	FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c586t-26e94a9e09139f155440b6651a0b8218fe1f476f07cb2f0c4147ecc4fafa05913
Notes	ObjectType-Article-2 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-1 content type line 14 ObjectType-Article-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23
PMID	23584590
PQID	1355899669
PQPubID	40569
PageCount	4
ParticipantIDs	proquest_miscellaneous_1350150952 proquest_journals_1355899669 gale_infotracmisc_A329366668 gale_infotracgeneralonefile_A329366668 gale_infotraccpiq_329366668 gale_infotracacademiconefile_A329366668 gale_incontextgauss_ISR_A329366668 gale_incontextgauss_ATWCN_A329366668 pubmed_primary_23584590 pascalfrancis_primary_27334799 crossref_primary_10_1038_nature12012 crossref_citationtrail_10_1038_nature12012 springer_journals_10_1038_nature12012
PublicationCentury	2000
PublicationDate	2013-05-09
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD	2013-05-09
PublicationDate_xml	– month: 05 year: 2013 text: 2013-05-09 day: 09
PublicationDecade	2010
PublicationPlace	London
PublicationPlace_xml	– name: London – name: England
PublicationSubtitle	International weekly journal of science
PublicationTitle	Nature (London)
PublicationTitleAbbrev	Nature
PublicationTitleAlternate	Nature
PublicationYear	2013
Publisher	Nature Publishing Group UK Nature Publishing Group
Publisher_xml	– name: Nature Publishing Group UK – name: Nature Publishing Group
References	Ramelow (CR6) 2013; 21 Merali (CR20) 2011; 331 Smith (CR21) 2012; 3 Drung (CR29) 2007; 17 Aspect, Dalibard, Roger (CR17) 1982; 49 Lita, Miller, Nam (CR7) 2008; 16 Fedrizzi, Herbst, Poppe, Jennewein, Zeilinger (CR5) 2007; 15 Brunner, Gisin, Scarani, Simon (CR25) 2007; 98 Kim, Fiorentino, Wong (CR28) 2006; 73 Bell (CR2) 1964; 1 CR11 Rowe (CR9) 2001; 409 Vértesi, Pironio, Brunner (CR26) 2010; 104 Scheidl (CR19) 2010; 107 Clauser, Horne, Shimony, Holt (CR27) 1969; 23 Kwiat, Eberhard (CR15) 1994; 49 Ansmann (CR10) 2009; 461 Freedman, Clauser (CR14) 1972; 28 Eberhard (CR4) 1993; 47 Matsukevich, Maunz, Moehring, Olmschenk, Monroe (CR12) 2008; 100 Pearle (CR3) 1970; 2 Rosenfeld (CR16) 2009; 2 Hofmann (CR13) 2012; 337 Weihs, Jennewein, Simon, Weinfurter, Zeilinger (CR18) 1998; 81 Clauser, Horne (CR24) 1974; 10 Bennet (CR22) 2012; 2 Garg, Mermin (CR8) 1987; 35 Wittmann (CR23) 2012; 14 Einstein, Podolsky, Rosen (CR1) 1935; 47 B Wittmann (BFnature12012_CR23) 2012; 14 JF Clauser (BFnature12012_CR27) 1969; 23 N Brunner (BFnature12012_CR25) 2007; 98 J Hofmann (BFnature12012_CR13) 2012; 337 T Vértesi (BFnature12012_CR26) 2010; 104 T Scheidl (BFnature12012_CR19) 2010; 107 S Ramelow (BFnature12012_CR6) 2013; 21 PG Kwiat (BFnature12012_CR15) 1994; 49 JF Clauser (BFnature12012_CR24) 1974; 10 JS Bell (BFnature12012_CR2) 1964; 1 AJ Bennet (BFnature12012_CR22) 2012; 2 D Drung (BFnature12012_CR29) 2007; 17 M Ansmann (BFnature12012_CR10) 2009; 461 PM Pearle (BFnature12012_CR3) 1970; 2 MA Rowe (BFnature12012_CR9) 2001; 409 T Kim (BFnature12012_CR28) 2006; 73 PH Eberhard (BFnature12012_CR4) 1993; 47 AE Lita (BFnature12012_CR7) 2008; 16 A Einstein (BFnature12012_CR1) 1935; 47 DH Smith (BFnature12012_CR21) 2012; 3 A Garg (BFnature12012_CR8) 1987; 35 Z Merali (BFnature12012_CR20) 2011; 331 SJ Freedman (BFnature12012_CR14) 1972; 28 BFnature12012_CR11 A Aspect (BFnature12012_CR17) 1982; 49 DN Matsukevich (BFnature12012_CR12) 2008; 100 A Fedrizzi (BFnature12012_CR5) 2007; 15 G Weihs (BFnature12012_CR18) 1998; 81 W Rosenfeld (BFnature12012_CR16) 2009; 2 18542389 - Opt Express. 2008 Mar 3;16(5):3032-40 20366808 - Phys Rev Lett. 2010 Feb 12;104(6):060401 19550823 - Opt Express. 2007 Nov 12;15(23):15377-86 11236986 - Nature. 2001 Feb 15;409(6822):791-4 17677822 - Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Jun 1;98(22):220403 23546052 - Opt Express. 2013 Mar 25;21(6):6707-17 9909100 - Phys Rev A. 1993 Feb;47(2):R747-R750 9957644 - Phys Rev D Part Fields. 1987 Jun 15;35(12):3831-3835 21415331 - Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1380-2 22767924 - Science. 2012 Jul 6;337(6090):72-5 21041665 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Nov 16;107(46):19708-13 19779447 - Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):504-6 9910618 - Phys Rev A. 1994 May;49(5):3209-3220 18518088 - Phys Rev Lett. 2008 Apr 18;100(15):150404 22233635 - Nat Commun. 2012 Jan 10;3:625
References_xml	– volume: 337 start-page: 72 year: 2012 end-page: 75 ident: CR13 article-title: Heralded entanglement between widely separated atoms publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1221856 – volume: 461 start-page: 504 year: 2009 end-page: 506 ident: CR10 article-title: Violation of Bell’s inequality in Josephson phase qubits publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature08363 – volume: 47 start-page: 777 year: 1935 end-page: 780 ident: CR1 article-title: Can quantum-mechanical description of physical reality be considered complete? publication-title: Phys. Rev. doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 – volume: 100 start-page: 150404 year: 2008 ident: CR12 article-title: Bell inequality violation with two remote atomic qubits publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.150404 – volume: 49 start-page: 1804 year: 1982 end-page: 1807 ident: CR17 article-title: Experimental test of Bell’s inequalities using time-varying analyzers publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1804 – volume: 16 start-page: 3032 year: 2008 end-page: 3040 ident: CR7 article-title: Counting near-infrared single-photons with 95% efficiency publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.16.003032 – volume: 2 start-page: 469 year: 2009 end-page: 474 ident: CR16 article-title: Towards a loophole-free test of Bell’s inequality with entangled pairs of neutral atoms publication-title: Adv. Sci. Lett. doi: 10.1166/asl.2009.1059 – volume: 2 start-page: 031003 year: 2012 ident: CR22 article-title: Arbitrarily loss-tolerant Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen steering allowing a demonstration over 1 km of optical fiber with no detection loophole publication-title: Phys. Rev. X – volume: 49 start-page: 3209 year: 1994 end-page: 3220 ident: CR15 article-title: Steinberg, A. M. & Chiao, R. Y. Proposal for a loophole-free Bell inequality experiment publication-title: Phys. Rev. A doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.3209 – volume: 104 start-page: 060401 year: 2010 ident: CR26 article-title: Closing the detection loophole in Bell experiments using qudits publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.060401 – volume: 23 start-page: 880 year: 1969 end-page: 884 ident: CR27 article-title: Proposed experiment to test local hidden-variable theories publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.880 – volume: 81 start-page: 5039 year: 1998 end-page: 5043 ident: CR18 article-title: Violation of Bell’s inequality under strict Einstein locality conditions publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5039 – volume: 1 start-page: 195 year: 1964 ident: CR2 article-title: On the Einstein Podolsky Rosen paradox publication-title: Physics doi: 10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195 – volume: 10 start-page: 526 year: 1974 end-page: 535 ident: CR24 article-title: Experimental consequences of objective local theories publication-title: Phys. Rev. D doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.10.526 – volume: 21 start-page: 6707 year: 2013 end-page: 6717 ident: CR6 article-title: Highly efficient heralding of entangled single photons publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.21.006707 – volume: 98 start-page: 220403 year: 2007 ident: CR25 article-title: Detection loophole in asymmetric Bell experiments publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.220403 – volume: 409 start-page: 791 year: 2001 end-page: 794 ident: CR9 article-title: Experimental violation of a Bell’s inequality with efficient detection publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/35057215 – volume: 14 start-page: 053030 year: 2012 ident: CR23 article-title: Loophole-free Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen experiment via quantum steering publication-title: N. J. Phys. doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/14/5/053030 – volume: 2 start-page: 1418 year: 1970 end-page: 1425 ident: CR3 article-title: Hidden-variable example based upon data rejection publication-title: Phys. Rev. D doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.2.1418 – volume: 15 start-page: 15377 year: 2007 end-page: 15386 ident: CR5 article-title: A wavelength-tunable, fiber-coupled source of narrowband entangled photons publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.15.015377 – volume: 3 start-page: 625 year: 2012 end-page: 631 ident: CR21 article-title: Conclusive quantum steering with superconducting transition-edge sensors publication-title: Nature Commun. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1628 – ident: CR11 – volume: 47 start-page: 747 year: 1993 end-page: 750 ident: CR4 article-title: Background level and counter efficiencies required for a loophole-free Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment publication-title: Phys. Rev. A doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.R747 – volume: 35 start-page: 3831 year: 1987 end-page: 3835 ident: CR8 article-title: Detector inefficiencies in the Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen experiment publication-title: Phys. Rev. D doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.35.3831 – volume: 17 start-page: 699 year: 2007 end-page: 704 ident: CR29 article-title: Highly sensitive and easy-to-use SQUID sensors publication-title: IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. doi: 10.1109/TASC.2007.897403 – volume: 73 start-page: 012316 year: 2006 ident: CR28 article-title: Phase-stable source of polarization-entangled photons using a polarization Sagnac interferometer publication-title: Phys. Rev. A doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.012316 – volume: 107 start-page: 19708 year: 2010 end-page: 19713 ident: CR19 article-title: Violation of local realism with freedom of choice publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.1002780107 – volume: 28 start-page: 938 year: 1972 end-page: 941 ident: CR14 article-title: Experimental test of local hidden-variable theories publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.28.938 – volume: 331 start-page: 1380 year: 2011 end-page: 1382 ident: CR20 article-title: Quantum mechanics braces for the ultimate test publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.331.6023.1380 – volume: 47 start-page: 777 year: 1935 ident: BFnature12012_CR1 publication-title: Phys. Rev. doi: 10.1103/PhysRev.47.777 – volume: 2 start-page: 031003 year: 2012 ident: BFnature12012_CR22 publication-title: Phys. Rev. X – volume: 1 start-page: 195 year: 1964 ident: BFnature12012_CR2 publication-title: Physics doi: 10.1103/PhysicsPhysiqueFizika.1.195 – volume: 3 start-page: 625 year: 2012 ident: BFnature12012_CR21 publication-title: Nature Commun. doi: 10.1038/ncomms1628 – volume: 98 start-page: 220403 year: 2007 ident: BFnature12012_CR25 publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.98.220403 – volume: 21 start-page: 6707 year: 2013 ident: BFnature12012_CR6 publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.21.006707 – volume: 81 start-page: 5039 year: 1998 ident: BFnature12012_CR18 publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.81.5039 – volume: 23 start-page: 880 year: 1969 ident: BFnature12012_CR27 publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.23.880 – volume: 2 start-page: 469 year: 2009 ident: BFnature12012_CR16 publication-title: Adv. Sci. Lett. doi: 10.1166/asl.2009.1059 – volume: 47 start-page: 747 year: 1993 ident: BFnature12012_CR4 publication-title: Phys. Rev. A doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.47.R747 – volume: 15 start-page: 15377 year: 2007 ident: BFnature12012_CR5 publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.15.015377 – volume: 35 start-page: 3831 year: 1987 ident: BFnature12012_CR8 publication-title: Phys. Rev. D doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.35.3831 – ident: BFnature12012_CR11 – volume: 331 start-page: 1380 year: 2011 ident: BFnature12012_CR20 publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.331.6023.1380 – volume: 73 start-page: 012316 year: 2006 ident: BFnature12012_CR28 publication-title: Phys. Rev. A doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.73.012316 – volume: 14 start-page: 053030 year: 2012 ident: BFnature12012_CR23 publication-title: N. J. Phys. doi: 10.1088/1367-2630/14/5/053030 – volume: 16 start-page: 3032 year: 2008 ident: BFnature12012_CR7 publication-title: Opt. Express doi: 10.1364/OE.16.003032 – volume: 49 start-page: 1804 year: 1982 ident: BFnature12012_CR17 publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.49.1804 – volume: 107 start-page: 19708 year: 2010 ident: BFnature12012_CR19 publication-title: Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA doi: 10.1073/pnas.1002780107 – volume: 104 start-page: 060401 year: 2010 ident: BFnature12012_CR26 publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.104.060401 – volume: 409 start-page: 791 year: 2001 ident: BFnature12012_CR9 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/35057215 – volume: 49 start-page: 3209 year: 1994 ident: BFnature12012_CR15 publication-title: Phys. Rev. A doi: 10.1103/PhysRevA.49.3209 – volume: 461 start-page: 504 year: 2009 ident: BFnature12012_CR10 publication-title: Nature doi: 10.1038/nature08363 – volume: 2 start-page: 1418 year: 1970 ident: BFnature12012_CR3 publication-title: Phys. Rev. D doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.2.1418 – volume: 28 start-page: 938 year: 1972 ident: BFnature12012_CR14 publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.28.938 – volume: 10 start-page: 526 year: 1974 ident: BFnature12012_CR24 publication-title: Phys. Rev. D doi: 10.1103/PhysRevD.10.526 – volume: 100 start-page: 150404 year: 2008 ident: BFnature12012_CR12 publication-title: Phys. Rev. Lett. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.100.150404 – volume: 337 start-page: 72 year: 2012 ident: BFnature12012_CR13 publication-title: Science doi: 10.1126/science.1221856 – volume: 17 start-page: 699 year: 2007 ident: BFnature12012_CR29 publication-title: IEEE Trans. Appl. Supercond. doi: 10.1109/TASC.2007.897403 – reference: 9910618 - Phys Rev A. 1994 May;49(5):3209-3220 – reference: 20366808 - Phys Rev Lett. 2010 Feb 12;104(6):060401 – reference: 22233635 - Nat Commun. 2012 Jan 10;3:625 – reference: 9909100 - Phys Rev A. 1993 Feb;47(2):R747-R750 – reference: 18542389 - Opt Express. 2008 Mar 3;16(5):3032-40 – reference: 19779447 - Nature. 2009 Sep 24;461(7263):504-6 – reference: 21041665 - Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Nov 16;107(46):19708-13 – reference: 9957644 - Phys Rev D Part Fields. 1987 Jun 15;35(12):3831-3835 – reference: 19550823 - Opt Express. 2007 Nov 12;15(23):15377-86 – reference: 17677822 - Phys Rev Lett. 2007 Jun 1;98(22):220403 – reference: 11236986 - Nature. 2001 Feb 15;409(6822):791-4 – reference: 18518088 - Phys Rev Lett. 2008 Apr 18;100(15):150404 – reference: 23546052 - Opt Express. 2013 Mar 25;21(6):6707-17 – reference: 21415331 - Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1380-2 – reference: 22767924 - Science. 2012 Jul 6;337(6090):72-5
SSID	ssj0005174
Score	2.5971186
Snippet	The fair-sampling loophole is closed in a Bell inequality violation experiment with entangled photons, making the photon the first physical system for which... The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint--namely, one in which physical... The violation of a Bell inequality is an experimental observation that forces the abandonment of a local realistic viewpoint-namely, one in which physical...
SourceID	proquest gale pubmed pascalfrancis crossref springer
SourceType	Aggregation Database Index Database Enrichment Source Publisher
StartPage	227
SubjectTerms	639/766/483/1139 Atoms & subatomic particles Bell's theorem Classical and quantum physics: mechanics and fields Efficiency Exact sciences and technology Experiments Foundations, theory of measurement, miscellaneous theories (including aharonov-bohm effect, bell inequalities, berry's phase) Humanities and Social Sciences letter multidisciplinary Photons Physical properties Physics Properties Quantum mechanics Quantum theory Science
Title	Bell violation using entangled photons without the fair-sampling assumption
URI	https://link.springer.com/article/10.1038/nature12012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23584590 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1355899669 https://www.proquest.com/docview/1350150952
Volume	497
WOSCitedRecordID	wos000318558200033&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com%2F%23%21%2Fsearch%3Fho%3Df%26include.ft.matches%3Dt%26l%3Dnull%26q%3D
hasFullText	1
inHoldings	1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
journalDatabaseRights	– providerCode: PRVAQT databaseName: *Nature customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 99991231 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: RNT dateStart: 19970101 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.nature.com providerName: Nature Publishing – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Advanced Technologies & Aerospace Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: P5Z dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/hightechjournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Agricultural Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: M0K dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/agriculturejournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Biological Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: M7P dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/biologicalscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Earth, Atmospheric & Aquatic Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: PCBAR dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/eaasdb providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Engineering Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: M7S dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Environmental Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: PATMY dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/environmentalscience providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Health & Medical Collection customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: 7X7 dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/healthcomplete providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Materials Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: KB. dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: http://search.proquest.com/materialsscijournals providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Nursing & Allied Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: 7RV dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/nahs providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: ProQuest Central customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: BENPR dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/central providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Psychology Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: M2M dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://www.proquest.com/psychology providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Public Health Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: 8C1 dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/publichealth providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Research Library customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: M2O dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/pqrl providerName: ProQuest – providerCode: PRVPQU databaseName: Science Database customDbUrl: eissn: 1476-4687 dateEnd: 20241209 omitProxy: false ssIdentifier: ssj0005174 issn: 0028-0836 databaseCode: M2P dateStart: 19880107 isFulltext: true titleUrlDefault: https://search.proquest.com/sciencejournals providerName: ProQuest
link	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwpV3db9MwELfYBhISAjYGlI3KoPEphTmJ8_WEumoTqGqpug2qvUSOa5dJU9ItLX8_d477EVZ44eWkyhcr8Z3vfvWd7wg50DxgYSYCJ4jD0OG-cp1MB8yJQgXOPosEZ8I0m4h6vXg4TPr2wK20aZVzm2gM9aiQeEZ-6GIdcATnyefJtYNdozC6altobJAtAMoxbsyu112mePxRhdnez2N-fFiVzXTB_Xk1j2Tt8oOJKGGNdNXcYh36vBU5NQ7p5NH_fspj8tBCUdqqdGeb3FH5DrlnUkJluUO27bYv6Xtbm_rDE9LB-zwUo_lGohTT5scU88_z8ZUa0cnPAsBkSfF4t5hNKcBLiiEjpxSYug68ANZBg_DhXXJ-cnzW_uLYfgyOBElOHS9UCReJMqVENQIRzrIwDFzBshigglau5lGoWSQzTzPJXR6BhnAttAAU5_pPyWZe5Oo5oYALwXWOtJ8wxbEmnOcnoyzWnufqUEvWIB_nMkmlLVaOPTOuUhM09-N0RYANcrBgnlQ1Ov7ChsJNsepFjmk1YzEry7R19qPdS1s-4B74KxfGDfJ6HdvX00GN6Z1l0gW8lxT2MgN8HdbTqnHu1Tjl5PI6XRl9WxsdV_JcN81-jRGMgKwNN2sau1gHQKd4VziB5-e6mForVaZLRWyQV4thnBoz73JVzAwPHoolAazfs0r1l5P7AF-DBKT1Zr4XVia_LYEX_36JPXLfM81GAocl-2RzejNTL8ld-Wt6Wd40yUY0-I50GBkaA43bbpNsHR33-gP41Tn6BLTLOk1jBgz9ZmgfaVTRU6D94OI3gmpgZg
linkProvider	ProQuest
linkToHtml	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1ZbxMxEB6VAgIJAS1XaCkGtVzSqt5d7_WAUFSoGqWEClK1b4vXsUOlajftJiD-FL-RmT2SLA289YFnjy0fc3y25wDYNMLjfiI9ywt93xKutq3EeNwKfI3GPgmk4LIoNhH0euHxcXSwBL_qWBhyq6x1YqGoB5miN_Jtm_KAEziP3o3OLKoaRb-rdQmNki26-ucPvLLlbzvv8Xy3HGf3Q39nz6qqClgK5zO2HF9HQka6SIhpyJwKnvi-Z0uehGjwjLaNCHzDA5U4hithiwDXKYw0ErGI7eK4V-CqoJsQuQo6n2YuJX9kfa7iAbkbbpdpOm00t07DAlZ24NZI5ngmpiymsQjtXvipLQzg7p3_bevuwu0KarN2KRsrsKTTVbheuLyqfBVWKrWWs1dV7u3X96BL8UqMvBUKjmUUFjBk5F-fDk_1gI2-ZQiWc0bP19lkzBA-M_oSs3JJrvlIi5cRlBDqfB8OL2V5D2A5zVL9CBjiXoQGA-NGXAvKeee40SAJjePYxjeKt-BNzQOxqpKxU02Q07hwCnDDeI5hWrA5JR6VOUj-QkbMFFNWj5TchoZykudxu3-004vbLuI6vKr6YQueLyLrfPncIHpZEZkM56VkFayBq6N8YQ3KtQalGp2cxXOtLxqtw_I8Fw2z3iBEJacazRsNCZnuA6JvioWOsH_N-3GlhfN4xvgteDZtpqHJszDV2aSgoUe_yMP9e1iK2mxwF-G5F-FpbdWyNzf4xRN4_O9JPIUbe_2P-_F-p9ddg5tOUVjFs3i0Dsvj84l-AtfU9_FJfr5RqBUGXy9bGH8DmiiwGQ
linkToPdf	http://cvtisr.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMw1V1ZbxMxEB6VcggJAS1XaCkGtVzSKt579wGhqCUiCooiKKLiZfE6dqhU7abdBMRf49cxs-tNsjTw1geePbZsj2fmsz0HwK72fB6kwrf8KAgsz1W2lWqfW2Gg0NinofC4KItNhINBdHQUD9fgVx0LQ26VtU4sFfUol_RG3rYpDziB87itjVvE8KD7ZnJqUQUp-mmty2lUR6Svfv7A61vxuneAvN5znO7bw_13lqkwYEmc29RyAhV7IlZlckxNptXjaRD4tuBphMZPK1t7YaB5KFNHc-nZXohr9rTQAnGJ7eK4l-ByiHdMcicc-l8W7iV_ZIA2sYHcjdpVyk4bTa_TsIbGJtyYiAL5o6vCGquQ77lf29IYdm_9z9t4G24aCM46lcxswJrKNuFq6Qori03YMOquYC9MTu6Xd6BPcUyMvBjKk8woXGDMyO8-G5-oEZt8yxFEF4yetfPZlCGsZvRVZhWCXPaRFi8pKDnU-S58upDl3YP1LM_UA2CIhxEyjLQbc-VRLjzHjUdppB3H1oGWvAWv6vOQSJOknWqFnCSls4AbJUuHpwW7c-JJlZvkL2R0sBLK9pERw8diVhRJ5_Dz_iDpuIj38AobRC14uoqs9_FDg-i5IdI5zksKE8SBq6M8Yg3KrQalnByfJkutzxqt44qfq4bZbhCi8pON5p2GtMz3AVE5xUjH2L-Wg8Ro5yJZCEELnsybaWjyOMxUPitp6DEw9nH_7lditxjcRdjux8itvVoOlwY_z4GH_57EY7iGMpi87w36W3DdKeut-BaPt2F9ejZTj-CK_D49Ls52Sg3D4OtFy-JvJem5CA
openUrl	ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bell+violation+using+entangled+photons+without+the+fair-sampling+assumption&rft.jtitle=Nature+%28London%29&rft.au=Giustina%2C+Marissa&rft.au=Mech%2C+Alexandra&rft.au=Ramelow%2C+Sven&rft.au=Wittmann%2C+Bernhard&rft.date=2013-05-09&rft.pub=Nature+Publishing+Group&rft.issn=0028-0836&rft.volume=497&rft.issue=7448&rft.spage=227&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038%2Fnature12012&rft.externalDocID=A329366668
thumbnail_l	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0028-0836&client=summon
thumbnail_m	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0028-0836&client=summon
thumbnail_s	http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0028-0836&client=summon