Influence of the Gut Microbiome, Diet, and Environment on Risk of Colorectal Cancer

Researchers have discovered associations between elements of the intestinal microbiome (including specific microbes, signaling pathways, and microbiota-related metabolites) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unclear whether changes in the intestinal microbiome contribute to the deve...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Gastroenterology (New York, N.Y. 1943) Vol. 158; no. 2; p. 322
Main Authors: Song, Mingyang, Chan, Andrew T, Sun, Jun
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States 01.01.2020
Subjects:
Bacteria - isolation & purification
Colon - microbiology
Colon - pathology
Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis
Colorectal Neoplasms - epidemiology
Colorectal Neoplasms - etiology
Colorectal Neoplasms - prevention & control
Early Detection of Cancer - methods
Exercise - physiology
Feeding Behavior - physiology
Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology
Humans
Incidence
Intestinal Mucosa - microbiology
Intestinal Mucosa - pathology
Mass Screening - methods
Risk Factors
Infection
Colitis
Dysbiosis
Fecal Microbiota Transplant
ISSN:1528-0012, 1528-0012
Online Access:Get more information
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Summary:Researchers have discovered associations between elements of the intestinal microbiome (including specific microbes, signaling pathways, and microbiota-related metabolites) and risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). However, it is unclear whether changes in the intestinal microbiome contribute to the development of sporadic CRC or result from it. Changes in the intestinal microbiome can mediate or modify the effects of environmental factors on risk of CRC. Factors that affect risk of CRC also affect the intestinal microbiome, including overweight and obesity; physical activity; and dietary intake of fiber, whole grains, and red and processed meat. These factors alter microbiome structure and function, along with the metabolic and immune pathways that mediate CRC development. We review epidemiologic and laboratory evidence for the influence of the microbiome, diet, and environmental factors on CRC incidence and outcomes. Based on these data, features of the intestinal microbiome might be used for CRC screening and modified for chemoprevention and treatment. Integrated prospective studies are urgently needed to investigate these strategies.
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ISSN:1528-0012
1528-0012
DOI:10.1053/j.gastro.2019.06.048