Inflammatory production of reactive oxygen species by Drosophila hemocytes activates cellular immune defenses

The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a prominent response to infection among innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. To better understand the relationship between antimicrobial and regulatory functions of blood cell ROS, we have characterized the ROS response to infect...

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Published in:Biochemical and biophysical research communications Vol. 505; no. 3; pp. 726 - 732
Main Authors: Myers, Amber L., Harris, Caitlin M., Choe, Kwang-Min, Brennan, Catherine A.
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: United States Elsevier Inc 02.11.2018
Subjects:
60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES
Adhesion
BACTERIA
bacterial infections
Cellular immune response
Crystal cell
DROSOPHILA
fluorescent dyes
Hemocyte
hemocytes
immune response
INFLAMMATION
MACROPHAGES
mitogen-activated protein kinase
NEUTROPHILS
OXYGEN
ROS
Hemocyte
Adhesion
Drosophila
Cellular immune response
ROS
Crystal cell
ISSN:0006-291X, 1090-2104, 1090-2104
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Summary:The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a prominent response to infection among innate immune cells such as macrophages and neutrophils. To better understand the relationship between antimicrobial and regulatory functions of blood cell ROS, we have characterized the ROS response to infection in Drosophila hemocytes. Using fluorescent probes, we find a biphasic hemocyte ROS response to bacterial infection. In the first hour, virtually all hemocytes generate a transient ROS signal, with nonphagocytic cells including prohemocytes and crystal cells displaying exceptionally strong responses. A distinct, and more delayed ROS response starting at 90 min is primarily within cells that have engulfed bacteria, and is sustained for several hours. The early response has a clear regulatory function, as dampening or intensifying the intracellular ROS level has profound effects on plasmatocyte activation. In addition, ROS are necessary and sufficient to activate JNK signalling in crystal cells, and to promote JNK-dependent crystal cell rupture. These findings indicate that Drosophila will be a promising model in which to dissect the mechanisms of ROS stimulation of immune activation. •Biphasic hemocyte ROS response to infection in flies.•Early response high in non-phagocytic prohemocytes and crystal cells.•Delayed ROS in phagocytic cells.•ROS activate plasmatocyte spreading and adhesion.•ROS promote JNK-dependent crystal cell rupture.
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ISSN:0006-291X
1090-2104
1090-2104
DOI:10.1016/j.bbrc.2018.09.126