Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in northern Uganda

Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar ® ) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Malaria journal Jg. 23; H. 1; S. 346 - 6
Hauptverfasser:	Oguta, Solomon, Serumaga, Brian, Odongo, Lameck, Otika, Donald, Ayikoru, Jackline, Otim, Raymond, Opee, Jimmyy, Arwinyo, Baifa, Pebalo, Francis Pebolo, Achora, Vincentina, Ojara, Sande, Abola, Benard, Awor, Silvia
Format:	Journal Article
Sprache:	Englisch
Veröffentlicht:	London BioMed Central 18.11.2024 BioMed Central Ltd BMC
Schlagworte:	Adolescent Adult Africa Antimalarials Antimalarials - therapeutic use Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Blood Care and treatment Cross-Sectional Studies Diagnosis Dosage and administration Drug Combinations Entomology Female Gulu Health aspects Humans Infectious Diseases Malaria Malaria - epidemiology Medical examination Microbiology Mothers - statistics & numerical data Parasitology Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - epidemiology Pregnant women Prenatal care Prenatal Care - statistics & numerical data Prevalence Public Health Pyrimethamine - therapeutic use Risk Factors Sulfadoxine - therapeutic use Tropical Medicine Uganda Uganda - epidemiology Young Adult Uganda Pregnancy Uganda Malaria Gulu Africa
ISSN:	1475-2875, 1475-2875
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Abstract	Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar ® ) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital. Methods This was a cross-sectional study at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital antenatal clinic from July to August 2023. Consecutive sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings and blood samples taken for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria. A positive RDT was taken as the presence of malaria infection in pregnancy. Data was pre-processed in STATA ® 15, and logistic regression analysis was done in RStudio 4.2.2. Variables with p < 0.05 were taken as independently associated with malaria in pregnancy and reported as adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Results Three hundred fifty (350) pregnant women were recruited; 96% of them slept under mosquito nets daily, while more than half of them (51.7%) had not yet taken SP (IPTp) during their current pregnancy. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 46.0%. Twenty-four per cent of the mothers were in the first trimester, 56.3% in the second and 19.7% in the third. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 39.7% (95% CI 34.5–45.1%), equally distributed throughout the trimesters. Anaemia (aRR = 4.99, 95%CI 3.10–8.05, p < 0.001) and tertiary level of education (aRR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14–0.62, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with malaria in pregnancy. Not sleeping under a mosquito net (aRR = 3.79, 95% CI 0.95–15.16, p = 0.059) may be a factor associated with malaria in pregnancy. Conclusion Four in every ten mothers had malaria infection, with anaemia being a risk factor, while a tertiary level of education was protective against malaria in pregnancy.
AbstractList	Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar.sup.®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital. Methods This was a cross-sectional study at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital antenatal clinic from July to August 2023. Consecutive sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings and blood samples taken for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria. A positive RDT was taken as the presence of malaria infection in pregnancy. Data was pre-processed in STATA.sup.®15, and logistic regression analysis was done in RStudio 4.2.2. Variables with p < 0.05 were taken as independently associated with malaria in pregnancy and reported as adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Results Three hundred fifty (350) pregnant women were recruited; 96% of them slept under mosquito nets daily, while more than half of them (51.7%) had not yet taken SP (IPTp) during their current pregnancy. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 46.0%. Twenty-four per cent of the mothers were in the first trimester, 56.3% in the second and 19.7% in the third. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 39.7% (95% CI 34.5-45.1%), equally distributed throughout the trimesters. Anaemia (aRR = 4.99, 95%CI 3.10-8.05, p < 0.001) and tertiary level of education (aRR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14-0.62, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with malaria in pregnancy. Not sleeping under a mosquito net (aRR = 3.79, 95% CI 0.95-15.16, p = 0.059) may be a factor associated with malaria in pregnancy. Conclusion Four in every ten mothers had malaria infection, with anaemia being a risk factor, while a tertiary level of education was protective against malaria in pregnancy. Keywords: Malaria, Pregnancy, Gulu, Uganda, Africa All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital.BACKGROUNDAll pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital.This was a cross-sectional study at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital antenatal clinic from July to August 2023. Consecutive sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings and blood samples taken for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria. A positive RDT was taken as the presence of malaria infection in pregnancy. Data was pre-processed in STATA®15, and logistic regression analysis was done in RStudio 4.2.2. Variables with p < 0.05 were taken as independently associated with malaria in pregnancy and reported as adjusted risk ratios (aRR).METHODSThis was a cross-sectional study at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital antenatal clinic from July to August 2023. Consecutive sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings and blood samples taken for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria. A positive RDT was taken as the presence of malaria infection in pregnancy. Data was pre-processed in STATA®15, and logistic regression analysis was done in RStudio 4.2.2. Variables with p < 0.05 were taken as independently associated with malaria in pregnancy and reported as adjusted risk ratios (aRR).Three hundred fifty (350) pregnant women were recruited; 96% of them slept under mosquito nets daily, while more than half of them (51.7%) had not yet taken SP (IPTp) during their current pregnancy. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 46.0%. Twenty-four per cent of the mothers were in the first trimester, 56.3% in the second and 19.7% in the third. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 39.7% (95% CI 34.5-45.1%), equally distributed throughout the trimesters. Anaemia (aRR = 4.99, 95%CI 3.10-8.05, p < 0.001) and tertiary level of education (aRR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14-0.62, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with malaria in pregnancy. Not sleeping under a mosquito net (aRR = 3.79, 95% CI 0.95-15.16, p = 0.059) may be a factor associated with malaria in pregnancy.RESULTSThree hundred fifty (350) pregnant women were recruited; 96% of them slept under mosquito nets daily, while more than half of them (51.7%) had not yet taken SP (IPTp) during their current pregnancy. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 46.0%. Twenty-four per cent of the mothers were in the first trimester, 56.3% in the second and 19.7% in the third. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 39.7% (95% CI 34.5-45.1%), equally distributed throughout the trimesters. Anaemia (aRR = 4.99, 95%CI 3.10-8.05, p < 0.001) and tertiary level of education (aRR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14-0.62, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with malaria in pregnancy. Not sleeping under a mosquito net (aRR = 3.79, 95% CI 0.95-15.16, p = 0.059) may be a factor associated with malaria in pregnancy.Four in every ten mothers had malaria infection, with anaemia being a risk factor, while a tertiary level of education was protective against malaria in pregnancy.CONCLUSIONFour in every ten mothers had malaria infection, with anaemia being a risk factor, while a tertiary level of education was protective against malaria in pregnancy. All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar ) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital. This was a cross-sectional study at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital antenatal clinic from July to August 2023. Consecutive sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings and blood samples taken for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria. A positive RDT was taken as the presence of malaria infection in pregnancy. Data was pre-processed in STATA 15, and logistic regression analysis was done in RStudio 4.2.2. Variables with p < 0.05 were taken as independently associated with malaria in pregnancy and reported as adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Three hundred fifty (350) pregnant women were recruited; 96% of them slept under mosquito nets daily, while more than half of them (51.7%) had not yet taken SP (IPTp) during their current pregnancy. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 46.0%. Twenty-four per cent of the mothers were in the first trimester, 56.3% in the second and 19.7% in the third. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 39.7% (95% CI 34.5-45.1%), equally distributed throughout the trimesters. Anaemia (aRR = 4.99, 95%CI 3.10-8.05, p < 0.001) and tertiary level of education (aRR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14-0.62, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with malaria in pregnancy. Not sleeping under a mosquito net (aRR = 3.79, 95% CI 0.95-15.16, p = 0.059) may be a factor associated with malaria in pregnancy. Four in every ten mothers had malaria infection, with anaemia being a risk factor, while a tertiary level of education was protective against malaria in pregnancy. Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar ® ) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital. Methods This was a cross-sectional study at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital antenatal clinic from July to August 2023. Consecutive sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings and blood samples taken for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria. A positive RDT was taken as the presence of malaria infection in pregnancy. Data was pre-processed in STATA ® 15, and logistic regression analysis was done in RStudio 4.2.2. Variables with p < 0.05 were taken as independently associated with malaria in pregnancy and reported as adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Results Three hundred fifty (350) pregnant women were recruited; 96% of them slept under mosquito nets daily, while more than half of them (51.7%) had not yet taken SP (IPTp) during their current pregnancy. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 46.0%. Twenty-four per cent of the mothers were in the first trimester, 56.3% in the second and 19.7% in the third. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 39.7% (95% CI 34.5–45.1%), equally distributed throughout the trimesters. Anaemia (aRR = 4.99, 95%CI 3.10–8.05, p < 0.001) and tertiary level of education (aRR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14–0.62, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with malaria in pregnancy. Not sleeping under a mosquito net (aRR = 3.79, 95% CI 0.95–15.16, p = 0.059) may be a factor associated with malaria in pregnancy. Conclusion Four in every ten mothers had malaria infection, with anaemia being a risk factor, while a tertiary level of education was protective against malaria in pregnancy. All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar.sup.®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital. This was a cross-sectional study at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital antenatal clinic from July to August 2023. Consecutive sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings and blood samples taken for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria. A positive RDT was taken as the presence of malaria infection in pregnancy. Data was pre-processed in STATA.sup.®15, and logistic regression analysis was done in RStudio 4.2.2. Variables with p < 0.05 were taken as independently associated with malaria in pregnancy and reported as adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Three hundred fifty (350) pregnant women were recruited; 96% of them slept under mosquito nets daily, while more than half of them (51.7%) had not yet taken SP (IPTp) during their current pregnancy. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 46.0%. Twenty-four per cent of the mothers were in the first trimester, 56.3% in the second and 19.7% in the third. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 39.7% (95% CI 34.5-45.1%), equally distributed throughout the trimesters. Anaemia (aRR = 4.99, 95%CI 3.10-8.05, p < 0.001) and tertiary level of education (aRR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14-0.62, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with malaria in pregnancy. Not sleeping under a mosquito net (aRR = 3.79, 95% CI 0.95-15.16, p = 0.059) may be a factor associated with malaria in pregnancy. Four in every ten mothers had malaria infection, with anaemia being a risk factor, while a tertiary level of education was protective against malaria in pregnancy. Abstract Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of gestation, every four weeks, until delivery. However, prenatal mothers still fall sick of malaria. This study aimed to assess the factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital. Methods This was a cross-sectional study at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital antenatal clinic from July to August 2023. Consecutive sampling was used. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic characteristics, physical examination findings and blood samples taken for rapid diagnostic test (RDT) for malaria. A positive RDT was taken as the presence of malaria infection in pregnancy. Data was pre-processed in STATA®15, and logistic regression analysis was done in RStudio 4.2.2. Variables with p < 0.05 were taken as independently associated with malaria in pregnancy and reported as adjusted risk ratios (aRR). Results Three hundred fifty (350) pregnant women were recruited; 96% of them slept under mosquito nets daily, while more than half of them (51.7%) had not yet taken SP (IPTp) during their current pregnancy. Prevalence of anaemia (Hb < 11.0 g/dl) was 46.0%. Twenty-four per cent of the mothers were in the first trimester, 56.3% in the second and 19.7% in the third. The prevalence of malaria in pregnancy was 39.7% (95% CI 34.5–45.1%), equally distributed throughout the trimesters. Anaemia (aRR = 4.99, 95%CI 3.10–8.05, p < 0.001) and tertiary level of education (aRR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.14–0.62, p = 0.001) were significantly associated with malaria in pregnancy. Not sleeping under a mosquito net (aRR = 3.79, 95% CI 0.95–15.16, p = 0.059) may be a factor associated with malaria in pregnancy. Conclusion Four in every ten mothers had malaria infection, with anaemia being a risk factor, while a tertiary level of education was protective against malaria in pregnancy.
ArticleNumber	346
Audience	Academic
Author	Arwinyo, Baifa Ayikoru, Jackline Opee, Jimmyy Oguta, Solomon Abola, Benard Otika, Donald Achora, Vincentina Pebalo, Francis Pebolo Serumaga, Brian Otim, Raymond Awor, Silvia Ojara, Sande Odongo, Lameck
Author_xml	– sequence: 1 givenname: Solomon surname: Oguta fullname: Oguta, Solomon organization: Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University – sequence: 2 givenname: Brian surname: Serumaga fullname: Serumaga, Brian organization: Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University – sequence: 3 givenname: Lameck surname: Odongo fullname: Odongo, Lameck organization: Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University – sequence: 4 givenname: Donald surname: Otika fullname: Otika, Donald organization: Medical Student, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University – sequence: 5 givenname: Jackline surname: Ayikoru fullname: Ayikoru, Jackline organization: Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University – sequence: 6 givenname: Raymond surname: Otim fullname: Otim, Raymond organization: Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University – sequence: 7 givenname: Jimmyy surname: Opee fullname: Opee, Jimmyy organization: Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University – sequence: 8 givenname: Baifa surname: Arwinyo fullname: Arwinyo, Baifa organization: Department of Reproductive Health, Gulu Regional Referral Hospital – sequence: 9 givenname: Francis Pebolo surname: Pebalo fullname: Pebalo, Francis Pebolo organization: Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University – sequence: 10 givenname: Vincentina surname: Achora fullname: Achora, Vincentina organization: Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University – sequence: 11 givenname: Sande surname: Ojara fullname: Ojara, Sande organization: Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University – sequence: 12 givenname: Benard surname: Abola fullname: Abola, Benard organization: Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Gulu University – sequence: 13 givenname: Silvia surname: Awor fullname: Awor, Silvia email: s.awor@gu.ac.ug organization: Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Medicine, Gulu University
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References	5184_CR23 J Okiring (5184_CR16) 2019; 18 AK Rowe (5184_CR27) 2017; 97 M Aberese-Ako (5184_CR33) 2019; 18 5184_CR7 5184_CR6 S Konji (5184_CR1) 2016; 6 T Rouamba (5184_CR30) 2021; 20 AK Zakama (5184_CR4) 2019; 74 K DeLay (5184_CR15) 2022; 170 BB Agaba (5184_CR12) 2022; 21 OM Onyinyechi (5184_CR29) 2023; 11 D Musoke (5184_CR24) 2021; 21 CLL Chua (5184_CR14) 2021; 12 M Ediau (5184_CR10) 2013; 13 J Morrison (5184_CR32) 2021; 17 OM Onyinyechi (5184_CR22) 2024; 24 BB Tukei (5184_CR11) 2017; 16 FV Segala (5184_CR5) 2023; 118 J Diem (5184_CR17) 2014; 15 ST Wafula (5184_CR25) 2021; 20 EM Mlugu (5184_CR31) 2020; 17 5184_CR18 KE Mace (5184_CR3) 2018; 67 J Okiring (5184_CR8) 2024; 23 M Bauserman (5184_CR13) 2019; 43 S Awor (5184_CR21) 2022; 99 Global Burden of Disease Health Financing Collaborator N (5184_CR26) 2020; 396 S Bassey (5184_CR2) 2017; 7 Y Jo (5184_CR28) 2019; 19 J Schantz-Dunn (5184_CR20) 2009; 2 C Mangusho (5184_CR9) 2023; 18 RF Mutagonda (5184_CR19) 2016; 15
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Snippet	Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar ® ) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks... All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar ) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of... Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar.sup.®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from... All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar.sup.®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of... All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from 14 weeks of... Abstract Background All pregnant mothers in Uganda are given sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP, Fansidar®) for presumptive treatment of malaria in pregnancy from...
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SubjectTerms	Adolescent Adult Africa Antimalarials Antimalarials - therapeutic use Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Blood Care and treatment Cross-Sectional Studies Diagnosis Dosage and administration Drug Combinations Entomology Female Gulu Health aspects Humans Infectious Diseases Malaria Malaria - epidemiology Medical examination Microbiology Mothers - statistics & numerical data Parasitology Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic - epidemiology Pregnant women Prenatal care Prenatal Care - statistics & numerical data Prevalence Public Health Pyrimethamine - therapeutic use Risk Factors Sulfadoxine - therapeutic use Tropical Medicine Uganda Uganda - epidemiology Young Adult
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Title	Factors associated with malaria in pregnancy among antenatal care mothers at Gulu Regional Referral Hospital in northern Uganda
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