Effect of intelligence quotient discrepancy on attention and executive function in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: an fNIRS study

•This study represents the inaugural investigation into the neural correlates of Intelligence Quotient Discrepancy (IQD) among children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).•The activation of the right medial prefrontal cortex (RmPFC) is associated with IQD.•The IQD plays a...

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Veröffentlicht in:NeuroImage (Orlando, Fla.) Jg. 321; S. 121518
Hauptverfasser: Chen, Xin, Chen, Liang-liang, Wang, Jing-rong, Cai, Ying-ying, Yu, Xiao-dan
Format: Journal Article
Sprache:Englisch
Veröffentlicht: United States Elsevier Inc 01.11.2025
Elsevier Limited
Elsevier
Schlagworte:
ADHD
Adolescent
Age
Attention - physiology
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - diagnostic imaging
Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - physiopathology
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Brain research
Child
Children
Cognition & reasoning
Education
Executive function
Executive Function - physiology
Female
Females
fNIRS
Go/no-go discrimination learning
Go/no-go task
Hemodynamics
Hemoglobin
Humans
Hyperactivity
Infrared spectroscopy
Intelligence
Intelligence - physiology
Intelligence quotient discrepancy
Intelligence Tests
Male
Motor ability
Neurodevelopmental disorders
Pediatrics
Prefrontal cortex
Radiology/Diagnostic Imaging
Sensory integration
Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared - methods
Spectrum analysis
Standard deviation
ADHD
EF
Intelligence quotient discrepancy
fNIRS
Go/no-go task
ISSN:1053-8119, 1095-9572, 1095-9572
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Zusammenfassung:•This study represents the inaugural investigation into the neural correlates of Intelligence Quotient Discrepancy (IQD) among children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).•The activation of the right medial prefrontal cortex (RmPFC) is associated with IQD.•The IQD plays a role in both executive function and attention deficits. Intelligence quotient discrepancy (IQD) is associated with neurodevelopmental disorders, but its impact on attention and executive function (EF) deficits in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is unknown.This study aimed to examine the effect of IQD by functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). The current study included 114 children with ADHD and a full-scale IQ ≥ 70, encompassing verbal IQ (VIQ) and performance IQ (PIQ). Participants were divided based on IQ discrepancies into the NON-IQD (n = 60, |PIQ-VIQ| < 1 standard deviation) and IQD (n = 54, PIQ-VIQ > 1 standard deviation) groups, with 27 and 19 individuals undergoing fNIRS, respectively. Both the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) scale and fNIRS during a go/no-go task were utilized for the assessment of EF. Attention was measured with the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Version IV (SNAP-IV) scale, the Integrated Visual and Auditory Continuous Performance Test (IVA/CPT), and monitoring of 1–48 channel aberrant hemodynamics with fNIRS during the task.The study indicates that IQD plays a role in attention and EF impairment in children with ADHD, linked to abnormal hemodynamics in the right medial prefrontal cortex (RmPFC).
Bibliographie:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
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ISSN:1053-8119
1095-9572
1095-9572
DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2025.121518