The expansion of an invasive malaria vector: Anopheles stephensi emergence in Arba Minch town in the southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia

Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an “exotic” urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi , increasing the risk of urban malaria. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the emergence...

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Vydáno v:	Parasitology research (1987) Ročník 123; číslo 9; s. 333
Hlavní autoři:	Massebo, Fekadu, Ashine, Temesgen, Negash, Nigatu, Eligo, Nigatu, Hailemeskel, Elifaged, Minda, Thomas T., Lindtjørn, Bernt, Gadisa, Endalamaw
Médium:	Journal Article
Jazyk:	angličtina
Vydáno:	Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.09.2024 Springer Springer Nature B.V
Témata:	Adaptation Adults Animals Anopheles Anopheles - classification Anopheles - growth & development Anopheles - parasitology Anopheles - physiology Anopheles stephensi Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Bionomics Brief Report Causes of Disease transmission Distribution Ethiopia Habitats Health aspects Identification and classification Immunology Insects as carriers of disease Laboratories Larva - growth & development Malaria Malaria - epidemiology Malaria - transmission Medical Microbiology Metropolitan areas Microbiology mosquito vectors Mosquito Vectors - classification Mosquito Vectors - growth & development Mosquito Vectors - parasitology Mosquito Vectors - physiology Mosquitoes Parasites Polymerase Chain Reaction Precipitation risk Risk factors species Urban areas Vectors (Biology) Vigilance Water water storage Ethiopia Djibouti Africa Entomological surveillance Arba Minch Anopheles stephensi
ISSN:	0932-0113, 1432-1955, 1432-1955
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Abstract	Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an “exotic” urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi , increasing the risk of urban malaria. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the emergence of this species in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Following the detection of An. stephensi in other parts of Ethiopia, 76 artificial containers (55 discarded tyres, 18 concrete water storage, and three plastic containers) were sampled in 21 locations in Arba Minch town, for immature Anopheles mosquito stages, using the standard dipping technique. Larvae were reared into adults which were morphologically identified at the species level 2–3 days after emergence. Morphological identification results were confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Of the examined containers, 67 (88%) had at least one Anopheles larva. Thirty-two of the adults emerged were morphologically identified as An. stephensi , with 26 (81%) confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first study to report An. stephensi from Arba Minch, one of South Ethiopia’s largest towns, highlighting the need for increased vigilance. The planned and ongoing study in and around Arba Minch will contribute to understanding the bionomics and role of An. stephensi in malaria parasite transmission, helping develop a strategy to address the impending risk of urban malaria in Ethiopia.
AbstractList	Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an “exotic” urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, increasing the risk of urban malaria. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the emergence of this species in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Following the detection of An. stephensi in other parts of Ethiopia, 76 artificial containers (55 discarded tyres, 18 concrete water storage, and three plastic containers) were sampled in 21 locations in Arba Minch town, for immature Anopheles mosquito stages, using the standard dipping technique. Larvae were reared into adults which were morphologically identified at the species level 2–3 days after emergence. Morphological identification results were confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Of the examined containers, 67 (88%) had at least one Anopheles larva. Thirty-two of the adults emerged were morphologically identified as An. stephensi, with 26 (81%) confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first study to report An. stephensi from Arba Minch, one of South Ethiopia’s largest towns, highlighting the need for increased vigilance. The planned and ongoing study in and around Arba Minch will contribute to understanding the bionomics and role of An. stephensi in malaria parasite transmission, helping develop a strategy to address the impending risk of urban malaria in Ethiopia. Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an “exotic” urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, increasing the risk of urban malaria. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the emergence of this species in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Following the detection of An. stephensi in other parts of Ethiopia, 76 artificial containers (55 discarded tyres, 18 concrete water storage, and three plastic containers) were sampled in 21 locations in Arba Minch town, for immature Anopheles mosquito stages, using the standard dipping technique. Larvae were reared into adults which were morphologically identified at the species level 2–3 days after emergence. Morphological identification results were confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Of the examined containers, 67 (88%) had at least one Anopheles larva. Thirty-two of the adults emerged were morphologically identified as An. stephensi, with 26 (81%) confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first study to report An. stephensi from Arba Minch, one of South Ethiopia’s largest towns, highlighting the need for increased vigilance. The planned and ongoing study in and around Arba Minch will contribute to understanding the bionomics and role of An. stephensi in malaria parasite transmission, helping develop a strategy to address the impending risk of urban malaria in Ethiopia. Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an “exotic” urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi , increasing the risk of urban malaria. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the emergence of this species in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Following the detection of An. stephensi in other parts of Ethiopia, 76 artificial containers (55 discarded tyres, 18 concrete water storage, and three plastic containers) were sampled in 21 locations in Arba Minch town, for immature Anopheles mosquito stages, using the standard dipping technique. Larvae were reared into adults which were morphologically identified at the species level 2–3 days after emergence. Morphological identification results were confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Of the examined containers, 67 (88%) had at least one Anopheles larva. Thirty-two of the adults emerged were morphologically identified as An. stephensi , with 26 (81%) confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first study to report An. stephensi from Arba Minch, one of South Ethiopia’s largest towns, highlighting the need for increased vigilance. The planned and ongoing study in and around Arba Minch will contribute to understanding the bionomics and role of An. stephensi in malaria parasite transmission, helping develop a strategy to address the impending risk of urban malaria in Ethiopia. Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an "exotic" urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, increasing the risk of urban malaria. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the emergence of this species in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Following the detection of An. stephensi in other parts of Ethiopia, 76 artificial containers (55 discarded tyres, 18 concrete water storage, and three plastic containers) were sampled in 21 locations in Arba Minch town, for immature Anopheles mosquito stages, using the standard dipping technique. Larvae were reared into adults which were morphologically identified at the species level 2-3 days after emergence. Morphological identification results were confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Of the examined containers, 67 (88%) had at least one Anopheles larva. Thirty-two of the adults emerged were morphologically identified as An. stephensi, with 26 (81%) confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first study to report An. stephensi from Arba Minch, one of South Ethiopia's largest towns, highlighting the need for increased vigilance. The planned and ongoing study in and around Arba Minch will contribute to understanding the bionomics and role of An. stephensi in malaria parasite transmission, helping develop a strategy to address the impending risk of urban malaria in Ethiopia.Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an "exotic" urban malaria vector, Anopheles stephensi, increasing the risk of urban malaria. To this end, the present study aimed to investigate the emergence of this species in Arba Minch, Ethiopia. Following the detection of An. stephensi in other parts of Ethiopia, 76 artificial containers (55 discarded tyres, 18 concrete water storage, and three plastic containers) were sampled in 21 locations in Arba Minch town, for immature Anopheles mosquito stages, using the standard dipping technique. Larvae were reared into adults which were morphologically identified at the species level 2-3 days after emergence. Morphological identification results were confirmed by species-specific polymerase chain reaction. Of the examined containers, 67 (88%) had at least one Anopheles larva. Thirty-two of the adults emerged were morphologically identified as An. stephensi, with 26 (81%) confirmed by molecular analysis. This is the first study to report An. stephensi from Arba Minch, one of South Ethiopia's largest towns, highlighting the need for increased vigilance. The planned and ongoing study in and around Arba Minch will contribute to understanding the bionomics and role of An. stephensi in malaria parasite transmission, helping develop a strategy to address the impending risk of urban malaria in Ethiopia.
ArticleNumber	333
Audience	Academic
Author	Eligo, Nigatu Lindtjørn, Bernt Minda, Thomas T. Gadisa, Endalamaw Massebo, Fekadu Negash, Nigatu Hailemeskel, Elifaged Ashine, Temesgen
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Keywords	Entomological surveillance Arba Minch Anopheles stephensi
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Snippet	Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an “exotic” urban... Urban areas in malaria-endemic countries in East Africa are experiencing a significant increase in malaria cases, with the establishment of an "exotic" urban...
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SubjectTerms	Adaptation Adults Animals Anopheles Anopheles - classification Anopheles - growth & development Anopheles - parasitology Anopheles - physiology Anopheles stephensi Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Bionomics Brief Report Causes of Disease transmission Distribution Ethiopia Habitats Health aspects Identification and classification Immunology Insects as carriers of disease Laboratories Larva - growth & development Malaria Malaria - epidemiology Malaria - transmission Medical Microbiology Metropolitan areas Microbiology mosquito vectors Mosquito Vectors - classification Mosquito Vectors - growth & development Mosquito Vectors - parasitology Mosquito Vectors - physiology Mosquitoes Parasites Polymerase Chain Reaction Precipitation risk Risk factors species Urban areas Vectors (Biology) Vigilance Water water storage
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Title	The expansion of an invasive malaria vector: Anopheles stephensi emergence in Arba Minch town in the southern Rift Valley of Ethiopia
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