Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the u...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:Beilstein journal of nanotechnology Vol. 9; no. 1; pp. 1050 - 1074
Main Authors: Jeevanandam, Jaison, Barhoum, Ahmed, Chan, Yen S, Dufresne, Alain, Danquah, Michael K
Format: Journal Article
Language:English
Published: Germany Beilstein-Institut zur Föerderung der Chemischen Wissenschaften 03.04.2018
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology
Beilstein-Institut
Subjects:
Biological properties
Carbon black
Chemical Sciences
Chemical vapor deposition
Chemistry
Classification
Copyright
Ecological risk assessment
Environmental protection
Food
Industrial applications
Material chemistry
nanomaterial classification
nanomaterial history
Nanomaterials
Nanoparticles
Nanoscience
Nanostructured materials
Nanotechnology
nanotoxicity
Nanowires
Organic chemistry
oxidative stress
Quantum dots
reactive oxygen species
Regulations
Review
Risk assessment
Toxicity
United States > US
nanomaterial classification
nanotoxicity
oxidative stress
reactive oxygen species
regulations
nanomaterial history
ISSN:2190-4286, 2190-4286
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
Description
Summary:Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs and NSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammalian cells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 14
ObjectType-Review-3
content type line 23
PMCID: PMC5905289
ISSN:2190-4286
2190-4286
DOI:10.3762/bjnano.9.98