Cucumber Mosaic Virus Infection in Arabidopsis: A Conditional Mutualistic Symbiont?
A cucumber mosaic virus isolate, named Ho [CMV(Ho)], was isolated from a symptomless Arabidopsis halleri field sample containing low virus titers. An analysis of CMV(Ho) RNA molecules indicated that the virus isolate, besides the usual cucumovirus tripartite RNA genome, additionally contained defect...
Uložené v:
| Vydané v: | Frontiers in microbiology Ročník 12; s. 770925 |
|---|---|
| Hlavní autori: | , , , , , , , |
| Médium: | Journal Article |
| Jazyk: | English |
| Vydavateľské údaje: |
Switzerland
Frontiers Media S.A
07.01.2022
|
| Predmet: | |
| ISSN: | 1664-302X, 1664-302X |
| On-line prístup: | Získať plný text |
| Tagy: |
Pridať tag
Žiadne tagy, Buďte prvý, kto otaguje tento záznam!
|
| Shrnutí: | A cucumber mosaic virus isolate, named Ho [CMV(Ho)], was isolated from a symptomless
Arabidopsis halleri
field sample containing low virus titers. An analysis of CMV(Ho) RNA molecules indicated that the virus isolate, besides the usual cucumovirus tripartite RNA genome, additionally contained defective RNA3 molecules and a satellite RNA. To study the underlying mechanism of the persistent CMV(Ho) infection in perennial
A. halleri
, infectious cDNA clones were generated for all its genetic elements. CMV, which consists of synthetic transcripts from the infectious tripartite RNA genomes, and designated CMV(Ho)tr, multiplied in
A. halleri
and annual
Arabidopsis thaliana
Col-0 to a similar level as the virulent strain CMV(Y), but did not induce any symptoms in them. The response of Col-0 to a series of reassortant CMVs between CMV(Ho)tr and CMV(Y) suggested that the establishment of an asymptomatic phenotype of CMV(Ho) infection was due to the
2b
gene of CMV RNA2, but not due to the presence of the defective RNA3 and satellite RNA. The accumulation of CMV(Ho) 2b protein tagged with the FLAG epitope (2b.Ho-FLAG) in
2b.Ho-FLAG
-transformed Col-0 did not induce any symptoms, suggesting a 2b-dependent persistency of CMV(Ho)tr infection in
Arabidopsis
. The 2b protein interacted with Argonaute 4, which is known to regulate the cytosine methylation levels of host genomic DNA. Whole genomic bisulfite sequencing analysis of CMV(Ho)tr- and mock-inoculated Col-0 revealed that cytosine hypomethylation in the promoter regions of 82 genes, including two genes encoding transcriptional regulators (
DOF1.7
and
CBP1
), was induced in response to CMV(Ho)tr infection. Moreover, the increased levels of hypomethylation in the promoter region of both genes, during CMV(Ho)tr infection, were correlated with the up- or down-regulation of their expression. Taken altogether, the results indicate that during persistent CMV(Ho) infection in
Arabidopsis
, host gene expression may be epigenetically modulated resulting from a 2b-mediated cytosine hypomethylation of host genomic DNA. |
|---|---|
| Bibliografia: | ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 23 Reviewed by: Israel Pagan, Polytechnic University of Madrid, Spain; Andreas Voloudakis, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece Edited by: Elvira Fiallo-Olivé, La Mayora Experimental Station, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Spain This article was submitted to Microbe and Virus Interactions with Plants, a section of the journal Frontiers in Microbiology |
| ISSN: | 1664-302X 1664-302X |
| DOI: | 10.3389/fmicb.2021.770925 |