Neurophysiologic effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) via electrical stimulation of the tragus: A concurrent taVNS/fMRI study and review
Electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) via transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) may influence afferent vagal networks. There have been 5 prior taVNS/fMRI studies, with inconsistent findings due to variability in stimulation targets and parameters...
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| Published in: | Brain stimulation Vol. 11; no. 3; pp. 492 - 500 |
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
| Format: | Journal Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
United States
Elsevier Inc
01.05.2018
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| Subjects: | |
| ISSN: | 1935-861X, 1876-4754, 1876-4754 |
| Online Access: | Get full text |
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| Abstract | Electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) via transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) may influence afferent vagal networks. There have been 5 prior taVNS/fMRI studies, with inconsistent findings due to variability in stimulation targets and parameters.
We developed a taVNS/fMRI system to enable concurrent electrical stimulation and fMRI acquisition to compare the effects of taVNS in relation to control stimulation.
We enrolled 17 healthy adults in this single-blind, crossover taVNS/fMRI trial. Based on parameters shown to affect heart rate in healthy volunteers, participants received either left tragus (active) or earlobe (control) stimulation at 500 μs 25 HZ for 60 s (repeated 3 times over 6 min). Whole brain fMRI analysis was performed exploring the effect of: active stimulation, control stimulation, and the comparison. Region of interest analysis of the midbrain and brainstem was also conducted.
Active stimulation produced significant increased BOLD signal in the contralateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral insula, frontal cortex, right operculum, and left cerebellum. Control stimulation produced BOLD signal activation in the contralateral postcentral gyrus. In the active vs. control contrast, tragus stimulation produced significantly greater BOLD increases in the right caudate, bilateral anterior cingulate, cerebellum, left prefrontal cortex, and mid-cingulate.
Stimulation of the tragus activates the cerebral afferents of the vagal pathway and combined with our review of the literature suggest that taVNS is a promising form of VNS. Future taVNS/fMRI studies should systematically explore various parameters and alternative stimulation targets aimed to optimize this novel form of neuromodulation.
•A taVNS/fMRI system was developed to explore brain effects of stimulation.•Tragus stimulation reliably activates cerebral afferent vagal networks.•Earlobe stimulation demonstrates solely somatosensory activation.•Bilateral ACC and frontal activation is produced by 60s active stimulation.•taVNS at 500 μs 25 Hz may be a biologically active stimulation parameter. |
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| AbstractList | Electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) via transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) may influence afferent vagal networks. There have been 5 prior taVNS/fMRI studies, with inconsistent findings due to variability in stimulation targets and parameters.BACKGROUNDElectrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) via transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) may influence afferent vagal networks. There have been 5 prior taVNS/fMRI studies, with inconsistent findings due to variability in stimulation targets and parameters.We developed a taVNS/fMRI system to enable concurrent electrical stimulation and fMRI acquisition to compare the effects of taVNS in relation to control stimulation.OBJECTIVEWe developed a taVNS/fMRI system to enable concurrent electrical stimulation and fMRI acquisition to compare the effects of taVNS in relation to control stimulation.We enrolled 17 healthy adults in this single-blind, crossover taVNS/fMRI trial. Based on parameters shown to affect heart rate in healthy volunteers, participants received either left tragus (active) or earlobe (control) stimulation at 500 μs 25 HZ for 60 s (repeated 3 times over 6 min). Whole brain fMRI analysis was performed exploring the effect of: active stimulation, control stimulation, and the comparison. Region of interest analysis of the midbrain and brainstem was also conducted.METHODSWe enrolled 17 healthy adults in this single-blind, crossover taVNS/fMRI trial. Based on parameters shown to affect heart rate in healthy volunteers, participants received either left tragus (active) or earlobe (control) stimulation at 500 μs 25 HZ for 60 s (repeated 3 times over 6 min). Whole brain fMRI analysis was performed exploring the effect of: active stimulation, control stimulation, and the comparison. Region of interest analysis of the midbrain and brainstem was also conducted.Active stimulation produced significant increased BOLD signal in the contralateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral insula, frontal cortex, right operculum, and left cerebellum. Control stimulation produced BOLD signal activation in the contralateral postcentral gyrus. In the active vs. control contrast, tragus stimulation produced significantly greater BOLD increases in the right caudate, bilateral anterior cingulate, cerebellum, left prefrontal cortex, and mid-cingulate.RESULTSActive stimulation produced significant increased BOLD signal in the contralateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral insula, frontal cortex, right operculum, and left cerebellum. Control stimulation produced BOLD signal activation in the contralateral postcentral gyrus. In the active vs. control contrast, tragus stimulation produced significantly greater BOLD increases in the right caudate, bilateral anterior cingulate, cerebellum, left prefrontal cortex, and mid-cingulate.Stimulation of the tragus activates the cerebral afferents of the vagal pathway and combined with our review of the literature suggest that taVNS is a promising form of VNS. Future taVNS/fMRI studies should systematically explore various parameters and alternative stimulation targets aimed to optimize this novel form of neuromodulation.CONCLUSIONStimulation of the tragus activates the cerebral afferents of the vagal pathway and combined with our review of the literature suggest that taVNS is a promising form of VNS. Future taVNS/fMRI studies should systematically explore various parameters and alternative stimulation targets aimed to optimize this novel form of neuromodulation. Electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) via transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) may influence afferent vagal networks. There have been 5 prior taVNS/fMRI studies, with inconsistent findings due to variability in stimulation targets and parameters. We developed a taVNS/fMRI system to enable concurrent electrical stimulation and fMRI acquisition to compare the effects of taVNS in relation to control stimulation. We enrolled 17 healthy adults in this single-blind, crossover taVNS/fMRI trial. Based on parameters shown to affect heart rate in healthy volunteers, participants received either left tragus (active) or earlobe (control) stimulation at 500 μs 25 HZ for 60 s (repeated 3 times over 6 min). Whole brain fMRI analysis was performed exploring the effect of: active stimulation, control stimulation, and the comparison. Region of interest analysis of the midbrain and brainstem was also conducted. Active stimulation produced significant increased BOLD signal in the contralateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral insula, frontal cortex, right operculum, and left cerebellum. Control stimulation produced BOLD signal activation in the contralateral postcentral gyrus. In the active vs. control contrast, tragus stimulation produced significantly greater BOLD increases in the right caudate, bilateral anterior cingulate, cerebellum, left prefrontal cortex, and mid-cingulate. Stimulation of the tragus activates the cerebral afferents of the vagal pathway and combined with our review of the literature suggest that taVNS is a promising form of VNS. Future taVNS/fMRI studies should systematically explore various parameters and alternative stimulation targets aimed to optimize this novel form of neuromodulation. •A taVNS/fMRI system was developed to explore brain effects of stimulation.•Tragus stimulation reliably activates cerebral afferent vagal networks.•Earlobe stimulation demonstrates solely somatosensory activation.•Bilateral ACC and frontal activation is produced by 60s active stimulation.•taVNS at 500 μs 25 Hz may be a biologically active stimulation parameter. Electrical stimulation of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve (ABVN) via transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) may influence afferent vagal networks. There have been 5 prior taVNS/fMRI studies, with inconsistent findings due to variability in stimulation targets and parameters. We developed a taVNS/fMRI system to enable concurrent electrical stimulation and fMRI acquisition to compare the effects of taVNS in relation to control stimulation. We enrolled 17 healthy adults in this single-blind, crossover taVNS/fMRI trial. Based on parameters shown to affect heart rate in healthy volunteers, participants received either left tragus (active) or earlobe (control) stimulation at 500 μs 25 HZ for 60 s (repeated 3 times over 6 min). Whole brain fMRI analysis was performed exploring the effect of: active stimulation, control stimulation, and the comparison. Region of interest analysis of the midbrain and brainstem was also conducted. Active stimulation produced significant increased BOLD signal in the contralateral postcentral gyrus, bilateral insula, frontal cortex, right operculum, and left cerebellum. Control stimulation produced BOLD signal activation in the contralateral postcentral gyrus. In the active vs. control contrast, tragus stimulation produced significantly greater BOLD increases in the right caudate, bilateral anterior cingulate, cerebellum, left prefrontal cortex, and mid-cingulate. Stimulation of the tragus activates the cerebral afferents of the vagal pathway and combined with our review of the literature suggest that taVNS is a promising form of VNS. Future taVNS/fMRI studies should systematically explore various parameters and alternative stimulation targets aimed to optimize this novel form of neuromodulation. |
| Author | George, Mark S. Dowdle, Logan T. Badran, Bashar W. Mithoefer, Oliver J. Coatsworth, James Brown, Joshua C. McTeague, Lisa M. DeVries, William H. Austelle, Christopher W. LaBate, Nicholas T. |
| AuthorAffiliation | a Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States c Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States d US Army Research Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21005, United States g Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States b Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States h Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, United States e College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29403, United States f Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States |
| AuthorAffiliation_xml | – name: a Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – name: g Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – name: b Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – name: e College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29403, United States – name: f Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – name: c Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, United States – name: d US Army Research Lab, Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, 21005, United States – name: h Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Charleston, SC, 29401, United States |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Bashar W. surname: Badran fullname: Badran, Bashar W. email: badran@musc.edu organization: Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – sequence: 2 givenname: Logan T. surname: Dowdle fullname: Dowdle, Logan T. organization: Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – sequence: 3 givenname: Oliver J. surname: Mithoefer fullname: Mithoefer, Oliver J. organization: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – sequence: 4 givenname: Nicholas T. surname: LaBate fullname: LaBate, Nicholas T. organization: College of Charleston, Charleston, SC, 29403, United States – sequence: 5 givenname: James surname: Coatsworth fullname: Coatsworth, James organization: Center for Biomedical Imaging, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – sequence: 6 givenname: Joshua C. surname: Brown fullname: Brown, Joshua C. organization: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – sequence: 7 givenname: William H. surname: DeVries fullname: DeVries, William H. organization: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – sequence: 8 givenname: Christopher W. surname: Austelle fullname: Austelle, Christopher W. organization: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – sequence: 9 givenname: Lisa M. surname: McTeague fullname: McTeague, Lisa M. organization: Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States – sequence: 10 givenname: Mark S. surname: George fullname: George, Mark S. organization: Department of Neuroscience, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, 29425, United States |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29361441$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| SubjectTerms | Adolescent Adult Anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) Brain - physiology Cross-Over Studies Ear stimulation Female fMRI Functional Neuroimaging Healthy Volunteers Humans Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods Male Middle Aged Single-Blind Method Transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation - methods Vagus Nerve - physiology Vagus Nerve Stimulation - methods Young Adult |
| Title | Neurophysiologic effects of transcutaneous auricular vagus nerve stimulation (taVNS) via electrical stimulation of the tragus: A concurrent taVNS/fMRI study and review |
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